Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants
| General population | BNT162b2 first-dose | BNT162b2 second-dose | ChAdOx1 first-dose | COVID-19 cases | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 4,573,494 | 2,021,366 | 1,327,031 | 592,408 | 174,556 |
| Age | 48 [37–63] | 55 [45–75] | 70 [54–79] | 62 [59–65] | 47 [35–61] |
| Age: 20–29 | 572,054 (12.5%) | 41,288 (2.0%) | 32,011 (2.4%) | 25,029 (4.2%) | 27,629 (15.8%) |
| Age: 30–39 | 863,539 (18.9%) | 183,972 (9.1%) | 35,774 (2.7%) | 34,221 (5.8%) | 29,023 (16.6%) |
| Age: 40–49 | 979,378 (21.4%) | 527,768 (26.1%) | 105,665 (8.0%) | 48,145 (8.1%) | 38,071 (21.8%) |
| Age: 50–59 | 776,128 (17.0%) | 482,366 (23.9%) | 398,367 (30.0%) | 57,038 (9.6%) | 31,446 (18.0%) |
| Age: 60–69 | 599,531 (13.1%) | 69,304 (3.4%) | 59,135 (4.5%) | 427,885 (72.2%) | 19,023 (10.9%) |
| Age: 70–79 | 428,023 (9.4%) | 401,584 (19.9%) | 389,924 (29.4%) | 86 (0.0%) | 13,797 (7.9%) |
| Age: 80 or older | 354,841 (7.8%) | 315,084 (15.6%) | 306,155 (23.1%) | <5 | 15,567 (8.9%) |
| Sex: Male | 2,233,092 (48.8%) | 928,908 (46.0%) | 569,285 (42.9%) | 270,395 (45.6%) | 80,723 (46.2%) |
| Years of prior observation time | 11.0 [11.0–11.0] | 15.3 [15.2–15.4] | 15.3 [15.2–15.4] | 15.3 [15.2–15.3] | 14.8 [14.7–15.1] |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Autoimmune disease | 78,636 (1.7%) | 50,255 (2.5%) | 41,345 (3.1%) | 14,485 (2.4%) | 3843 (2.2%) |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome | 988 (0.0%) | 1404 (0.1%) | 992 (0.1%) | 368 (0.1%) | 104 (0.1%) |
| Thrombophilia | 2708 (0.1%) | 2922 (0.1%) | 1939 (0.1%) | 679 (0.1%) | 264 (0.2%) |
| Asthma | 264,435 (5.8%) | 140,284 (6.9%) | 92,296 (7.0%) | 36,297 (6.1%) | 13,219 (7.6%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 137,259 (3.0%) | 111,726 (5.5%) | 105,525 (8.0%) | 13,654 (2.3%) | 7339 (4.2%) |
| Malignant neoplastic disease | 338,633 (7.4%) | 243,671 (12.1%) | 219,790 (16.6%) | 60,079 (10.1%) | 15,408 (8.8%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 464,169 (10.1%) | 286,446 (14.2%) | 245,320 (18.5%) | 80,496 (13.6%) | 20,803 (11.9%) |
| Obesity | 851,541 (18.6%) | 520,035 (25.7%) | 407,283 (30.7%) | 160,914 (27.2%) | 42,536 (24.4%) |
| Heart disease | 566,359 (12.4%) | 408,181 (20.2%) | 366,302 (27.6%) | 87,417 (14.8%) | 26,193 (15.0%) |
| Hypertensive disorder | 1,138,877 (24.9%) | 709,293 (35.1%) | 632,457 (47.7%) | 200,989 (33.9%) | 43,554 (25.0%) |
| Renal impairment | 229,003 (5.0%) | 195,554 (9.7%) | 184,698 (13.9%) | 21,368 (3.6%) | 12,887 (7.4%) |
| COPD | 165,700 (3.6%) | 109,761 (5.4%) | 100,699 (7.6%) | 30,281 (5.1%) | 7265 (4.2%) |
| Dementia | 72,171 (1.6%) | 55,270 (2.7%) | 52,793 (4.0%) | 1198 (0.2%) | 5295 (3.0%) |
| Medication use (183 days prior to four days prior) | |||||
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 1,259,998 (27.6%) | 515,731 (25.5%) | 355,922 (26.8%) | 147,232 (24.9%) | 48,887 (28.0%) |
| Cox2 inhibitors | 26,822 (0.6%) | 17,364 (0.9%) | 13,342 (1.0%) | 6486 (1.1%) | 1099 (0.6%) |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 255,602 (5.6%) | 128,708 (6.4%) | 99,801 (7.5%) | 32,176 (5.4%) | 10,620 (6.1%) |
| Antithrombotic and anticoagulant therapies | 110,297 (2.4%) | 70,594 (3.5%) | 58,385 (4.4%) | 16,964 (2.9%) | 5885 (3.4%) |
| Lipid modifying agents | 80,526 (1.8%) | 46,175 (2.3%) | 38,984 (2.9%) | 18,339 (3.1%) | 2736 (1.6%) |
| Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents | 56,526 (1.2%) | 25,965 (1.3%) | 18,655 (1.4%) | 7011 (1.2%) | 3101 (1.8%) |
| Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use | 40,488 (0.9%) | 14,959 (0.7%) | 6190 (0.5%) | 2595 (0.4%) | 3087 (1.8%) |
| Tamoxifen | 1207 (0.0%) | 713 (0.0%) | 525 (0.0%) | 187 (0.0%) | 56 (0.0%) |
| Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system | 51,800 (1.1%) | 20,498 (1.0%) | 10,108 (0.8%) | 4475 (0.8%) | 3592 (2.1%) |
| One or more condition of interest* | 1,449,480 (31.7%) | 880,600 (43.6%) | 716,224 (54.0%) | 249,505 (42.1%) | 65,949 (37.8%) |
| One or more medication of interest† | 1,361,157 (29.8%) | 567,169 (28.1%) | 392,729 (29.6%) | 159,770 (27.0%) | 53,952 (30.9%) |
| One or more condition/medication of interest*† | 2,244,217 (49.1%) | 1,148,815 (56.8%) | 866,134 (65.3%) | 327,718 (55.3%) | 94,795 (54.3%) |
Characteristics of the participants in the study cohorts used for the primary analyses. Participants were aged 20 years or older and had at least one year of prior history before index date in the database. Those in the general population were present in the database as of 01/01/2017. *Conditions of interest: autoimmune disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, thrombophilia, asthma, atrial fibrillation, malignant neoplastic disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, or renal impairment. †Medications of interest: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Cox2 inhibitors, systemic corticosteroids, hormonal contraceptives, tamoxifen, and sex hormones and modulators of the genital system.