TABLE 2.
Data extraction and quality assessment.
| References | Author | Type of participant | Sample size | Age mean, SD | Measure | Environmental features | Setting | Quality score |
| [41] | Kim GW et al. 2010 | Volunteer | 28 | 26.9, 1.2 | fMRI | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.91 |
| [42] | Kim TH et al. 2010 | Volunteer | 30 | 27,3.7 | fMRI | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.91 |
| [43] | Seiyama et al. 2018 | Volunteer | 11 | 23.4,1.2 | fMRI | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.86 |
| [44] | Martínez-Soto 2013 | Volunteer | 28 | 36.18,12.46 | fMRI | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.73 |
| [46] | Kuhn et al. 2021 | Volunteer | 24 | 28.5, 9.5 | fMRI | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.95 |
| [47] | Bratman et al. 2015 | Volunteer | 38 | 26.7 | fMRI | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.91 |
| [48] | Tang et al. 2017 | Volunteer | 31 | 25 | fMRI | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.86 |
| [49] | Zhang et al. 2019 | Volunteer | 16 | 20.5,1.71 | fMRI | Natural environment | Indoor | 0.86 |
| [50] | Chang et al. 2021 | Volunteer | 44 | 23.7 | fMRI | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.91 |
| [51] | Tost et al 2019 | Volunteer | 33 | 23.64,2.42 | fMRI | Natural environment | Hybrid | 0.86 |
| [52] | Heller 2020 | Volunteer | 122 | 23,3.4 | fMRI | Built and Natural environment | Hybrid | 0.91 |
| [17] | Lederbogen et al. 2011 | Volunteer | 55 | N/A | fMRI | N/A | Indoor | 0.77 |
| [56] | Reed et al. 2020 | Volunteer | 487 | 31.9,8.9 | fMRI | N/A | Indoor | 0.82 |
| [57] | Lemmers-Jansen et al. 2020 | Clinical | 69 | 21.5,2.9 | fMRI | N/A | Indoor | 0.86 |
| [58] | Yamashita et al. 2021 | Volunteer | 25 | 23, 1.67 | NIRS | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.91 |
| [59] | Song et al. 2018 | Volunteer | 17 | 21.1 | NIRS | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.77 |
| [60] | Lee 2017 | Volunteer | 18 | 26.7,0.7 | NIRS | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.82 |
| [61] | Jo et al 2019 | Volunteer | 29 | 22.3,2.1 | NIRS | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.95 |
| [62] | Ochiai et al. 2020 | Clinical | 12 | 36.9,11.5 | NIRS | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.68 |
| [63] | Yu et al. 2017 | Volunteer | 7 | 36.3,11.3 | NIRS | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.77 |
| [64] | Zhang et al. 2020 | Volunteer | 31 | 22.6, 1.4 | NIRS | Natural environment | Indoor | 0.91 |
| [65] | Park et al. 2007 | Volunteer | 12 | 22.8,1.4 | TRS | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.77 |
| [66] | Joung et al. 2015 | Volunteer | 8 | 22,2.2 | NIRS | Built and Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.82 |
| [67] | Song et al. 2020 | Volunteer | 29 | 21,1.4 | NIRS | Built and Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.86 |
| [68] | Horiuchi et al. 2014 | Volunteer | 15 | 36 | NIRS | Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.86 |
| [69] | Ulrich 1981 | Volunteer | 18 | 23 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.77 |
| [70] | Elsadek et al. 2021 | Elderly | 34 | 82.9, 0.78 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.68 |
| [71] | Olszewska-Guizzo et al. 2018 | Volunteer | 29 | 31,10.3 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.86 |
| [72] | Jiang et al. 2019 | Volunteer | 50 | 22,1.65 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.73 |
| [73] | Roe et al. 2013 | Volunteer | 20 | 30 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.73 |
| [74] | Gao et al. 2019 | Volunteer | 116 | 20.7,2.13 | EEG | Built and Natural environment (VR) | Indoor | 0.95 |
| [75] | Mahamane et al. 2020 | Volunteer | 74 | 23 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.82 |
| [77] | Grassini et al. 2019 | Volunteer | 32 | 24.7,3.7 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.91 |
| [78] | Kim et al. 2019 | Volunteer | 60 | 31 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.91 |
| [79] | Elsadek et al. 2021 | Elderly | 34 | 82.9, 0.78 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.68 |
| [80] | Bailey et al. 2018 | Volunteer | 10 | 20 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Hybrid | 0.68 |
| [81] | Olszewska-Guizzo et al. 2021 | Volunteer | 25 | 40,17.8 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Indoor | 0.91 |
| [82] | Chiang et al. 2017 | Volunteer | 180 | 21.4,1.81 | EEG | Natural environment | Indoor | 0.82 |
| [83] | Wang et al. 2020 | Volunteer | 180 | 20.7,2.56 | EEG | Natural environment | Indoor | 0.68 |
| [84] | Chang et al. 2007 | Volunteer | 110 | Not mentioned | EEG | Natural environment (VR) | Indoor | 0.82 |
| [85] | Olszewska-Guizzo 2018 | Volunteer | 32 | 27,6.5 | EEG | Natural environment | Indoor | 0.86 |
| [86] | Wang TC et al. 2020 | Clinical | 77 | 59.7 | EEG | Natural environment | Indoor | 0.68 |
| [87] | Rounds et al. 2020 | Volunteer | 29 | 27.65,10.04 | EEG | Built environment | Indoor | 0.86 |
| [88] | Hu et al. 2020 | Volunteer | 8 | 18.41,1.28 | EEG | Built environment | Indoor | 0.68 |
| [89] | Deng et al. 2019 | Volunteer | 60 | 20.8,1.02 | EEG | Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.77 |
| [92] | Herman et al. 2021 | Volunteer | 17 | NA | EEG | Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.64 |
| [93] | Lin et al. 2019 | Volunteer | 240 | 20.2,1.76 | EEG | Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.95 |
| [95] | Lin et al. 2020 | Volunteer | 40 | 20.5,1.87 | EEG | Natural environment | Hybrid | 0.77 |
| [96] | Yi et al. 2021 | Elderly | 59 | 75,5 | EEG | Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.95 |
| [98] | Karandinou & Turner 2018 | Volunteer | 10 | Not mentioned | EEG | Built environment | Outdoor | 0.45 |
| [101] | Hollander et al. 2016 | Volunteer | 5 | Not mentioned | EEG | Built environment | Outdoor | 0.41 |
| [103] | Aspinall et al. 2013 | Volunteer | 12 | 30 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.59 |
| [104] | Al-barak et al. 2017 | Volunteer | 10 | 21 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.73 |
| [105] | Hassan et al. 2018 | Volunteer | 60 | 20,1.42 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.91 |
| [106] | Chen et al. 2016 | Volunteer | 32 | 20.6,1.6 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.86 |
| [107] | Reeves et al. 2019 | Volunteer | 36 | 41,11 M | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Hybrid | 0.82 |
| [108] | Olszewska-Guizzo et al. 2020 | Volunteer | 22 | 32.9,12.7 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.86 |
| [110] | Hopman et al. 2020 | Volunteer | 29 | 25,6.76 | EEG | Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.91 |
| [112] | Elsadek et al. 2019 | Volunteer | 25 | 23.5,1.5 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.95 |
| [113] | Tilley et al. 2017 | Elderly | 8 | 75.75,6.76 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.5 |
| [114] | Neale et al. 2017 | Elderly | 95 | 76,8.15 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.82 |
| [116] | Neale et al. 2020 | Elderly | 95 | 76.55,8.15 | EEG | Built and Natural environment | Outdoor | 0.95 |