TABLE 1.
Summary of the included studies.
| Study | Study design | Country and participants | Sample description sample size (male/female); age (mean ± SD or median (minimum — maximum)]; case control | Intervention case control | Outcome and duration | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdeldayem 2020 | RCT | Egypt; symptomatic OLP | 15 (5/10); 54.23 ± 12.79 | 15 (4/11); 0.82 ± 13.61 | Triamcinolone acetonide four times a day and vitamin E capsule once daily in the morning | Triamcinolone acetonide four times a day and placebo capsule once daily in the morning | Pain (NRS), clinical scores (Thongprasom), and salivary total antioxidant capacity; 4 weeks |
| Agha-Hosseini 2010 | RCT | Iran; symptomatic OLP | 20 (9/11); 25–70 | 17 (7/10); 25–70 | Purslane 235 mg, one pill per day | Placebo 235 mg, one pill per day | Pain resolution, clinical resolution, and adverse effects; 6 months |
| Agha-Hosseini 2021 | split-mouth RCT | Iran; symptomatic OLP | 27 (10/17); 49.81 ± 9.63 | 27 (10/17); 49.81 ± 9.63 | Hyaluronic acid and triamcinolone solution injection | Triamcinolone solution injection | Pain (VAS), lesion, and adverse effects; 6 months |
| Amirchaghmaghi 2016 | RCT | Iran; symptomatic OLP | 12 (2/10); 49.42 ± 11.22 | 8 (3/5); 52.75 ± 9.43 | Dexamethasone mouthwash 0.5 mg, Nystatin suspension three times daily, and four curcumin tablets twice daily | Dexamethasone mouthwash 0.5 mg, Nystatin suspension three times daily, and four placebo tablets twice daily | Pain (VAS), clinical score (Thongprasom), clinical efficiency, and adverse effects; 4 weeks |
| Bakhshi 2020 | RCT | Iran; symptomatic OLP | 14 (3/11); 59 ± 15.12 | 17 (4/13); 48 ± 12.71 | Triamcinolone mouthwash and 1% nanomicelle curcumin gel, three times a day | Triamcinolone mouthwash and placebo gel, three times a day | Clinical score (REU) and clinical efficiency; 4 weeks |
| Chainani-Wu 2007 | RCT | United States; symptomatic OLP | 16 (4/12); 60.6 ± 7.5 | 17 (6/11); 60.6 ± 9.8 | 60 mg Prednisone and 2000 mg of curcuminoids 2 times a day | 60 mg Prednisone and placebo two times a day | Pain resolution and adverse effects; 7 weeks |
| Chainani-Wu 2011 | RCT | United States; symptomatic OLP | 10 (2/8) 60.8 ± 8.6 | 10 (5/5) 56.2 ± 11.7 | 6,000 mg of curcuminoids 3 times a day | Identical placebo tablets three times a day | Symptom scores (NRS), clinical signs (MOMI), CRP and IL-6, adverse effects, and bleeding index; 2 weeks |
| Choonhakarn 2008 | RCT | Thailand; OLP | 27 (9/18); 52.81 ± 12.16 | 27 (11/16); 52.44 ± 14.85 | Aloe vera gel twice a day | Placebo twice a day | Pain resolution, clinical score (Thongprasom), and clinical resolution; 8 weeks |
| Ghada Nabil 2016 | 3-arm-RCT | Egypt; symptomatic OLP | 15 (6/9); 41.4 ± 9.7 | 15 (5/10); 44.3 ± 16.2 | Triamcinolone acetonide applied topically four times a day and one green tea tablet per day | Triamcinolone acetonide applied topically four times a day | Pain (VAS), salivary total oxidative capacity, and adverse effects; 1 month |
| Mostafa 2018 | 3-arm-RCT | Egypt; symptomatic OLP | 22 (9/13); 54.4 ± 4.2 | 22 (9/13); 56.2 ± 5.5 | Ozone (60% strength) applied orally for 1 min, twice a week; triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%, four times per day | Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%, four times per day | Pain (0–4), clinical scores (Thongprasom), and clinical resolution; 4 weeks |
| Nolan 2009 | RCT | United Kingdom; symptomatic OLP | 62 (15/47); 56.46 | 62 (9/53); 55.3 | Topical hyaluronic acid 0.2%, up to five times a day | Placebo, up to five times a day | Pain resolution, clinical score (Thongprasom), and oral function; 4 weeks |
| Saawarn 2011 | RCT | India; symptomatic OLP | 15 (7/8); 32 ± 12.9 | 15 (12/3); 43.46 ± 18.2 | Softgel capsule lycopene 8 mg 3 times daily | Identical placebo three times daily | Burning sensation (VAS) and clinical efficiency; 2 months |
| Salazar-Sanchez 2010 | RCT | Spain; OLP | 31 (3/28); 62.19 ± 10.45 | 24 (1/23); 60.71 ± 12.23 | Aloe vera water suspension (70%), 0.4 ml orally for 1 min, 3 times a day | Placebo suspension (70%), 0.4 ml orally for 1 min, three times a day | Pain (VAS), clinical score (Thongprasom), clinical resolution, clinical efficiency, OHIP-49, HAD, and adverse effects; 12 weeks |
| Sanatkhani 2014 | RCT | Iran; symptomatic OLP | 15 (0/15); 46.8 ± 8.9 | 15 (2/13); 46.53 ± 10.75 | Dexamethasone mouth rinse and fluconazole capsule 100 mg daily; 20 ml of cedar honey 3 times daily | Dexamethasone mouth rinse and fluconazole capsule 100 mg daily | Pain resolution, clinical resolution, and adverse effects; 4 Weeks |
| Shetty 2016 | RCT | India; OLP | 25 (13/12); 19–75 | 25 (11/14); 26–70 | 0.2% Hyaluronic acid orabase applied three times daily | Apply topical placebo orabase three times daily | Pain resolution and clinical score (area scores); 6 weeks |
| Shoukheba 2016 | RCT | Egypt; symptomatic OLP | 15 (3/12); 47.33 ± 8.138 | 15 (6/9); 49.66 ± 5.61 | Triamcinolone acetonide applied topically four times a day; Coenzyme Q10 30 mg capsule three times day | Triamcinolone acetonide applied topically four times a day | Pain (VAS), clinical scores (Thongprasom), clinical resolution, and adverse effects; 12 weeks |
| Veneri 2020 | RCT | Italy; symptomatic OLP | 26 (8/18); 47–83 | 25 (8/17); 46–81 | Double-distilled water/ozone water (2:3) rinse four times, twice a week; betamethasone sodium phosphate 500 mg soluble tablets, rinse twice a day | Double-distilled water rinse four times, twice a week; betamethasone sodium phosphate 500 mg soluble tablets, rinse twice a day | Pain resolution, clinical resolution, clinical efficiency, adverse effects, and relapse rate; 3 months |