Table 4.

Nutrient intake according to gender and hansik intake defined by the K_diet-index score.

	Men (n = 20,293)		Women (n = 38,408)
	Low-hansik (n = 6,271)	High-hansik (n = 14,022)	Low-hansik (n = 7,728)	High-hansik (n = 30,680)
Energy (EEE %)	86.1 ± 0.42c	91.9 ± 0.28b	92.8 ± 0.38b	101 ± 0.19a***+++##
Carbohydrate (En %)	70.9 ± 0.09c	71.7 ± 0.06b	71.0 ± 0.09c	72.1 ± 0.04a*+++#
Fat (En %)	14.6 ± 0.07a	13.8 ± 0.05b	14.5 ± 0.07a	13.6 ± 0.03c***+++
Protein (En %)	12.8 ± 0.04c	13.4 ± 0.02b	13.2 ± 0.03b	13.6 ± 0.02a***+++#
Fiber (g/day)	14.3 ± 0.11d	17.2 ± 0.07b	12.1 ± 0.10c	14.1 ± 0.05a***+++###
Calcium (mg/day)	380 ± 2.64b	475 ± 1.77a	372 ± 2.39b	457 ± 1.18a***+++#
Potassium (mg/day)	2,034 ± 15.6c	2,503 ± 10.4a	1,882 ± 15.0d	2,299 ± 7.02b***+++##
Sodium (mg/day)	2,267 ± 25.0b	2,863 ± 16.7a	1,918 ± 24.2c	2,338 ± 11.3b***+++###
Vitamin C (mg/day)	79.6 ± 0.75b	113 ± 0.51a	80.8 ± 0.68b	113 ± 0.34a+++
Vitamin D (ug/day)	5.28 ± 0.07d	6.49 ± 0.05b	5.70 ± 0.06c	6.79 ± 0.03***+++
DII (scores)	−17.6 ± 1.28ab	−26.6 ± 1.02c	−14.6 ± 1.64a	−20.8 ± 0.85b**+++
Total polyphenol (mg/day)	2,308 ± 19.9c	2,959 ± 13.3a	2,127 ± 19.2d	2,566 ± 8.94b***+++###
Flavonoids (mg/day)	25.3 ± 0.39d	38.9 ± 0.26b	28.0 ± 0.36c	43.3 ± 0.18a***+++##

The score of each component meeting the criteria was 1. If not, the score was 0. The K_diet-index score was calculated by summing the scores of each component in the 14 questionnaires. High- and low-hansik intake indicated the K_diet-index scores ≥8 or <8, respectively. A Higher K_diet-index score indicated a higher hansik intake. EEE, estimated energy requirement; En%, energy percent; DII, dietary inflammation index.

^**Significant differences by genders at P < 0.01,

^***P < 0.001.

⁺⁺⁺Significant differences by hansik intake at P < 0.001.

^#Significant interaction between genders and hansik intake at P < 0.05,

^##at P < 0.01,

^###P < 0.001.

^{a, b, c, d}Different superscripts on the values indicated significant differences among the groups in Tukey's test at p < 0.05.