Table 1.
Global commercial aquatic vaccines.
| Disease | Pathogen | Major Fish Host | Vaccine Type | Antigens/Targets | Delivery Methods | Country/Region | Further Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viral Diseases | |||||||
| Infectious hematopoietic necrosis | IHNV Rhabdovirus | Salmonids | DNA | G Glycoprotein | IM | Canada | https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/aquaculture/rp-pr/acrdp-pcrda/projects-projets/P-07-04-010-eng.html |
| Infectious pancreatic necrosis | IPNV Birnavirus | Salmonids, sea bass, sea bream, turbot, Pacific cod | Inactivated | Inactivated IPNV | IP | Norway, Chile, UK | https://www.pharmaq.no |
| Subunit | VP2 and VP3 Capsid Proteins | Oral | Canada, USA | https://www.aquavac-vaccines.com | |||
| Subunit | VP2 Proteins | IP | Canada, Chile, Norway | http://www.msd-animal-health.no/ | |||
| Infectious salmon anemia | ISAV Orthomyxovirus | Atlantic salmon | Inactivated | Inactivated ISAV | IP | Canada, Europe, and Latin America | http://www.pharmaq.no |
| Pancreatic disease virus | SAV alphaviruses | Salmonids | Inactivated | Inactivated SAV | IP | Norway, Chile, UK | https://www.merck-animal-health.co |
| Spring viremia of carp virus | SVCV Rhabdovirus | Carp | Subunit | G Glycoprotein | IP | Belgium | (9) |
| Inactivated | Inactivated SVCV | IP | Czech Republic | (10) | |||
| Koi herpesvirus disease | KHV Herpesvirus | Carp | Attenuated | Attenuated KHV | IMM or IP | Israel | (9) |
| Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis | ISKNV Iridovirus | Asian seabass, grouper, Japanese yellowtail | Inactivated | Inactivated ISKNV | IP | Singapore | https://www.aquavac-vaccines.com/ |
| Heart- and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) |
Piscine orthoreovirus
(PRV) |
Atlantic salmon | Inactivated | Inactivated PRV | IP | Europe | (11, 12) |
| Redspotted grouper nervous necrosis disease | Redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) |
Sea bass | Inactivated | Inactivated RGNNV | IP | Mediterranean region | https://www.pharmaq.no/sfiles/2/54/9/file/product-info_alpha-jet_micro-1-noda_english_2018-9.pdf |
| Grass carp hemorrhagic disease | GCRV | grass carp | Inactivated | Inactivated GCRV | IP | China | (13) |
| Infectious spleen kidney necrosis, ISKN | Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) |
marine fish | Inactivated | Inactivated ISKNV | IP | China | (13) |
| Iridoviral disease | Iridoviral Disease | Red sea bream | Inactivated | Inactivated Iridovirus | IP | Singapore | https://www.aquavac-vaccines.com/ |
| Koi herpes virus disease | Koi Herpes Virus (KHV) | Koi carp | Attenuated | Attenuated KHV | IMM or IP | Israel | (14) |
| Betanoda virus disease | Betanodavirus | Grouper | Inactivated | Inactivated Betanodavirus | IP | Japan | (15) |
| Grass carp haemorrhage disease | Grass Carp Hemorrhage Disease | Grass Carp | Inactivated | Inactivated Grass carp haemorrhage virus | IP | China | (13) |
| Viral Nervous Necrosis | Nodavirus | Seabass | Inactivated | Inactivated Nodavirus | IP | Mediterranean region | https://www.pharmaq.no/sfiles/2/54/9/file/product-info_alpha-jet_micro-1-noda_english_2018-9.pdf |
| Pancreas Disease | Pancreas Disease Virus | Salmonids | Inactivated | Inactivated Pancreas Disease Virus | IP | Norway, Chile, UK | https://www.merck-animal-health.co |
| Bacterial diseases | |||||||
| Enteric redmouth disease (ERM) | Yersinia ruckeri | Salmonids | Inactivated | Inactivated Y. ruckeri | IMM or oral | USA, Canada, Europe | http://www.msd-animal-health.ie/products_ni_vet/aquavac-erm-oral/overview.aspx; https://www.msd-animal-health-hub.co.uk |
| Vibriosis | Vibrio anguillarum;Vibrio ordalii;Vibrio salmonicida | Salmonids, ayu, grouper, sea bass, sea bream, yellowtail, cod, halibut | Inactivated | Inactivated Vibriosis spp. | IP or IMM | USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Australia | https://www.merck-animal-health.com/species/aquaculture/trout.aspx; |
| Furunculosis | Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida | Salmonids | Inactivated | Inactivated A.salmonicida spp. | IP or IMM | USA, Canada, Chile, Europe, Australia | https://www.msd-animal-health-me.com/species/aqua.aspx |
| Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) | Renibacterium salmoninarum | Salmonids | Avirulent live culture | Arthrobacter davidanieli | IP | Canada, Chile, USA | (16) https://www.drugs.com/vet/renogen.html |
| Enteric septicemia | Edwarsiella ictaluri | Catfish | Inactivated | Inactivated E. ictaluri |
IP | Vietnam | https://www.pharmaq.no/ |
| Edwardsiella tarda disease | Edwardsiella tarda | Olive flounder | Inactivated | Inactivated E.tarda |
IMM | Korea | (17) |
| Edwardsiella tarda | Rainbow trout Olive flounder Turbot |
Inactivated Attenuated |
Inactivated E.tarda, Attenuated E.tarda |
IP | China | (13) | |
| Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and E. tarda disease | Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and E. tarda | Olive flounder | Multiplex antibody unique type | Anti-idiotypic antibody | IP | China | (13) |
| Vibrio anguillarum disease | V. anguillarum | Rainbow trout | Genetically engineered live vaccine | Deletion of the aroC gene | IP | China | (13) |
| Columnaris disease |
Flavobacterium columnaris
Arthrobacter |
All freshwater finfish species, bream, bass, turbot, salmon | Attenuated | Attenuated F. columnare | IMM | USA | (18) https://www.drugs.com/vet/renogen.html |
| Pasteurellosis | Pasteurela piscicida | Sea bass, sea bream, sole | Inactivated | Inactivated P. pscicida | IMM | USA, Europe, Taiwan, Japan | ALPHA JECT 2000 |
| Lactococciosis | Lactococcus garviae | Rainbow trout, Amberjack, Yellowtail | Inactivated | Inactivated L. garviae | IP | Spain | https://www.hipra.com/ |
| Streptococcus infections | Streptococcus spp. | Tilapia, yellow tail, rainbow trout, ayu, sea bass, sea bream | Inactivated | Inactivated S. agalactiae (biotype 1) | IP | Taiwan Province of China, Japan, Brazil, Indonesia, Thailand | https://www.aquavac-vaccines.com/products/aquavac-strep-sa1/ |
| Inactivated S. agalactiae (biotype 2) | IP | https://www.aquavac-vaccines.com/products/aquavac-strep-sa/ | |||||
| Inactivated S. iniae | IP or IMM | https://www.aquavac-vaccines.com/products/aquavac-strep-si/ | |||||
| Pasteurellosis | Photobacterium damselae subsp. | Sea bream, Sea bass, Amberjack, Yellowtail | Inactivated | Inactivated Ph. damselae | IP | Mediterranean Japan | (19) |
| Piscirickettsiosis | Piscirickettsia salmonis | Salmonids | Attenuated | Attenuated P. salmonis | IP | Chile | (3). https://www.pharmaq.no/products/injectable/ |
| Aeromonas septicemia | Aeromonas spp. | Striped catfish | Inactivated | A. hydrophila (serotypes A and B) | IP | Vietnam | https://www.pharmaq.no/; ALPHAJECT Panga 2 |
| Wound Disease | Moritella viscosa | Salmonids | Inactivated | Inactivated M. viscosa | IP | Norway, the UK, Ireland, Iceland | https://www.pharmaq.no |
| Tenacibaculosis | Tenacibaculum maritimum | Turbot | Inactivated | Inactivated T. maritimum | IP | Spain | https://www.hipra.com/ |
| Columnaris disease | Arthrobacter | Salmonids | Attenuated | Arthrobacter davidanieli | IP | Canada | (20) (18) |
| Yersiniosis enteric redmouth disease (ERM) |
Yersinia ruckeri Bacterin | Salmonids rainbow trout |
Inactivated | Yersinia ruckeri | IMM or oral | Danish USA, Canada, Europe |
(21); http://www.msd-animal-health.ie/products_ni_vet/aquavac-erm-oral/overview.aspx; https://www.msd-animal-health-hub.co.uk |
| Edwardsiellosis | Edwardsiella Ictalurii | Catfish | Inactivated | Inactivated E. ictaluri |
IP | Vietnam | https://www.pharmaq.no/ |
| Columnaris disease | Flavobacterium columnare | Channel Catfish, Salmonids, FW species | Attenuated | Attenuated F. columnare | IMM | USA | (18) |
| Vibriosis | Listonella anguillarum | Salmonids, seabass, yellowtail | Inactivated | Inactivated L.anguillarum | IMM | International | (22) |
| Vibriosis | Vibrio anguillarum-salmonicida | Salmonids | Inactivated | Inactivated Vibrio anguillarum-salmonicida | IMM | USA | (23) |
| Enteric septicemia | Edwardsiella ictaluri | Channel Catfish, Japanese flounder | Inactivated | Inactivated E. ictaluri |
IP | Vietnam | https://www.pharmaq.no/ |
| Wound Disease | Moritella viscosa | Salmonids | Inactivated | Inactivated M. viscosa | IP | Norway, the UK, Ireland, Iceland | https://www.pharmaq.no |
| Dropsy | Free-cell Aeromonas hydrophila | Indian Major Carps | Inactivated | Inactivated A.hydrophila | IP or IMM | Indian | (24) |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | freshwater fish | Inactivated | Inactivated A.hydrophila | IP or IMM | China | (13) | |
| Streptococcosis | Streptococcus agalactiae | Tilapia | Inactivated | Inactivated S. agalactiae | IP | Taiwan Province of China, Japan | https://www.aquavac-vaccines.com/products/aquavac-strep-sa/ |
| Streptococciosis | Streptococcus iniae | Tilapia | Inactivated | Inactivated S. iniae | IP or IMM | Brazil, Indonesia, Thailand | https://www.aquavac-vaccines.com/products/aquavac-strep-si/ |
| Pasteurellosis | Pasteurella pscicida | Salmonids | Inactivated | Inactivated P. pscicida | IP | Mediterranean Japan | (19) |
| Motile Aeromonas Septicemia | Aeromonas hydrophila | Salmonids | Inactivated | Inactivated A. hydrophila | IP or IMM | China | (13) |
| Flavobacteriosis | Flavobacterium psychrophilum | Salmonids, FW species | Inactivated | Inactivated F. psychrophilum | IP | UK | (25) |
| Lactococcosis | Lactococcus garvieae | Rainbow trout, yellowtail | Inactivated | Inactivated L. garviae | IP | Spain | https://www.hipra.com/ |
IM, Intramuscular injection; IP, Intraperitoneal injection; IMM, Immersion.