Table 1.
Drugs for cancer treatment with targeting signaling pathways and factors associated with tumor angiogenesis
| Drug | Target | Cancer/Cell line | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Topotecan (Hycamtin) | Topoisomerase 1 inhibitor | Several cancer types such as ovarian, cervical and lung cancers | [261, 262] |
| Evofosfamide | Cross-linking with DNA as alkylating agent in hypoxia condition | Phase III clinical trials in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and murine prostate cancer model | [262, 263] |
| Gemcitabine | A cytidine analog | Several human cancer types including pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lung, breast and ovarian cancers | [263] |
| Girentuximab (Rencarex) | Anti-carbonic anhydrase enzyme (CAIX) antibody | Several human cancer types including RCC | [264, 281] |
| 2ME2 | HIF-1 inhibitor | Several human cancer types including RCC | [261, 262] |
| 17-AAG | HIF-1 inhibitor | Several human cancer types including melanoma | [262] |
| Vorinostat | HIF-1 inhibitor | head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | [262] |
| PT2977 | HIF-1 inhibitor | Plus, cabozantinib in advanced RCC | [262, 282, 283] |
| EZN-2208 | HIF-1 inhibitor | Metastatic CRC | [284] |
| CRLX101 | HIF-1 inhibitor | Prostate cancer Plus, bevacizumab in smetastatic RCC | [285–287] |
| Cetuximab | VEGFR supressor | Metastatic CRC | [288] |
| Cediranib | VEGFR supressor | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) | [289] |
| Tivozanib | VEGFR supressor | GBM | [290] |
| Axitinib | VEGFR supressor | RCC | [291] |
| Pazopanib | VEGFR, c-KIT and PDGFR tyrosine kinases supressor | advanced or metastatic RCC | [292] |
| Sunitinib | VEGFR supressor | advanced or metastatic RCC | [293] |
| Sorafenib | VEGFR supressor | HCC | [294] |
| Bevacizumab (avastin) | VEGFA inhibitor | Lung cancer, breast cancer and CRC | [295] |
| Durvalumab | PD-L1 supressor | Ovarian, endometrial and TNBC cancers | [296] |
| Atezolizumab | PD-L1 supressor | Metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC. Advanced triple-negative breast cancer | [297–299] |
| Rebastinib | Tie2 receptor supressor | Metastatic mammary carcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors | [276] |
| Trebananib (AMG386) | Tie2 receptor suppresor | Advanced solid tumors | [278] |
| Vantictumab and OTSA101 | Frizzled inhibitors | Several cancer types such as colorectal and gastric cancers | [273, 274] |
| CGX1321 and Ipafricept | Wnt inhibitors | Metastatic solid tumors such as HCC | [275, 300] |
| HuMax-IL8 (BMS-986253) | anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibody | chordoma, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, papillary thyroid, chondrosarcoma, and esophageal cancers | [279] |
| GLPG1790 | Ephrin receptor inhibitor | Breast cancer, CRC | [301, 302] |