Table 10.

The details of the cited references in structure optimization

Ref.	Optimization algorithm	Application	Convergence	Complexity	Scalability
Aldhafeeri and Rahmat-Samii (2019)	Binary Brain Storm Optimization	Antenna Design	Low	Medium	High
Modiri and Kiasaleh (2011)	Binary PSO	Antenna Design	Medium	Medium	High
Choo et al. (2005)	Multi-Objective GA	Antenna Design	Low	Low	High
Dong et al. (2017)	Binary PSO	Antenna Design	Medium	Medium	High
Jin and Rahmat-Samii (2010)	PSO & Binary PSO	Engineering Electromagnetics	Medium	Medium	High
Choo et al. (2003)	GA	Magnetic Radar	Low	Medium	High
Chakravarty et al. (2002)	MGA	FSS	Medium	Medium	High
He et al. (2017)	Binary DE	Logic Circuit	Medium	Medium	High
Zhang et al. (2011)	GA	Logic Circuit	Medium	Medium	High
Mak et al. (2016)	Binary PSO	Foundry Silicon Photonic Platform	Medium	Low	High
Mirjalili et al. (2014)	BBA	Optical Buffer Design	Low	Medium	High
Kuo et al. (2016)	Binary ACO	Nanolithographic Imaging	Medium	Medium	High
Zhou et al. (2017)	GA	Truss Optimization	Low	Low	Medium
Di Cesare et al. (2016)	Binary PSO	Topological Optimization	Medium	Low	High
Richardson et al. (2012)	Binary PSO	Topological Optimization	Medium	Low	High
Chen et al. (2017)	GA	Truss Optimization	Medium	Medium	Medium
Luh et al. (2011)	Binary PSO	Topological Optimization	Medium	Medium	High
Shijie et al. (2014)	GA	PLZT	Low	Low	Low
Zio et al. (2012)	Binary DE	Grid Topology	Medium	Medium	High
Di Maio et al. (2017)	Binary DE	PI	Fast	Medium	High
Huang et al. (2016)	GA	Chemical Cluster Structure	Low	Low	Low
Sieber and Werner (2014)	GA	Pixelated Surface	Medium	High	High
Zhao et al. (2014)	BPSO	Acoustic Focusing	Medium	Low	Low
Xia et al. (2015)	Binary PSO	Power Transformer Windings	Medium	Low	High