Table 2.
ICU admissions, mortality, and liver transplantation
| Study | Setting | Study period | Age*, yr. (% males) | ICU admission | Mortality | Liver transplantation | Miscellaneous transplantation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-COVID | COVID | Pre-COVID | COVID | Pre-COVID | COVID | |||||
|
Anderson, 2021 [42] Full-text article |
UNOS database Multi center |
Pre-COVID: Mar 2019–Jan 2020 COVID: Mar 2020-Jan 2021 |
NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Proportion WL registr. for AH: 1.4% Proportion DDLTs for AH: 1.6% |
Proportion WL registr. for AH: 2.4% Proportion DDLTs for AH: 3.0% |
NR |
|
Bahar, 2021 [21] Abstract |
CA, USA Single center |
Pre-COVID: Jul 2007–Jan 2020 COVID: Feb 2020–Apr 2021 |
Pre-COVID: 47 (61) COVID: 47 (63) |
NR | NR | NR | OR 1.88 | NR | NR | NR |
|
Bangaru, 2021 [22] Abstract |
California, USA Single center |
Pre-COVID: Sep 2019–Jan 2020 COVID: Feb–Aug 2020 |
NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | LT evaluation for AH: 49% | LT evaluation for AH: 82% | NR |
|
Bittermann, 2021 [43] Full-text article |
UNOS database Multi center |
Pre-COVID: Mar 1, 2018–Feb 29, 2020 COVID: Mar 1, 2020–Feb 28, 2021 |
Median: 41 (66) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
• Increase of 107% in additions to WL due to AH • Increase 210% in receipt of LT due to AH during COVID |
|
Cholankeril, 2021 [35•] Full-text article |
UNOS database Multi center |
Pre-COVID: Apr 1–Dec 31, 2019 COVID: Apr 1–Dec 31, 2020 |
SAH WL additions Pre-COVID: 41 (NR) COVID: 40 (NR) SAH LT recipients Pre-COVID: 41 (NR) COVID: 40 (NR) |
LT recipients with ALD: 17% | LT recipients with ALD: 17% | NR | NR |
SAH WL additions: 132 SAH LT recipients: 110 |
SAH WL additions: 207 SAH LT recipients: 168 |
• SAH WL increase 58% • SAH LT increase 53% during COVID |
|
Dhanda, 2020 [47] Poster |
UK Multi center (28 hospitals) |
Pre-COVID: Aug 2019 COVID: Aug 2020 |
Pre-COVID: 55 (63) COVID: 55 (63) |
NR | NR | 7.2% | 9% | NR | NR | NR |
|
Gorgulu, 2022 [24] Abstract |
Germany Single center |
Pre-COVID: 2017–2019 COVID: 2020 |
Median 52 (62) | AH trigger for ACLF: 24–27% | AH trigger for ACLF: 57% | AH trigger for ACLF: 69.5% | AH trigger for ACLF: 72.3% | NR | NR | NR |
|
Grinspoon, 2021 [25] Abstract |
MA, USA Multi center |
Pre-COVID: Mar 10, 2016–Mar 9, 2020 COVID: Mar 10, 2020–Mar 9, 2021 |
NR | 28% | 37% | 13% | 10% | AH admissions into LT: 1.4% | AH admissions into LT: 10.2% | NR |
|
Moore, 2021 [27] Abstract |
NE, USA Single center |
Pre-COVID: 2016–2019 COVID: Q2–Q4 2020 |
Pre-COVID: 48 (59) COVID: 44 (62) |
NR | NR | 22/162 (14%) | 12/95 (13%) | NR | NR | NR |
|
Nair, 2021 [28] Abstract |
HCA Healthcare, USA Multi center (185 US hospitals) |
Pre-COVID: Feb 2019–Sept 2019 COVID: Feb 2020–Sept 2020 |
NR | NR | NR | AH + Alcoholic liver failure: 1.4% | AH + Alcoholic liver failure: 2% | NR | NR | NR |
|
Perisetti, 2021 [45] Letter to editor |
50 healthcare organizations worldwide Multi center |
Pre-COVID: Jan 1–Dec 1, 2019 COVID: Jan 1–Dec 1, 2020 |
Pre-COVID: 51 (65) COVID: 50 (64) |
NR | NR | NR | OR 0.93 | NR | NR | NR |
|
Pradhan, 2021 [30] Abstract |
AZ, USA Multi center |
Pre-COVID: Mar 1–Dec 31, 2019 COVID: Mar 1–Dec 31, 2020 |
Pre-COVID: 42 (61) COVID: 40 (64) |
NR | NR | 3/225 (1%) | 2/296 (1%) | NR | NR | NR |
|
Rutledge, 2021 [38] Full-text article |
New York City, USA Single center |
Pre-COVID: Jan 1–Mar 21, 2020 COVID: Mar 22–Aug 25, 2020 |
Pre-COVID: 49 (50) COVID: 47 (63) |
NR | NR | 7/18 (39%) | 14/49 (29%) | Early LT per month for AH: 0.5 | Early LT per month for AH: 2 | NR |
|
Shaheen, 2021 [40] Full-text article |
Canada Multi center (3 databases) |
Pre-COVID: Mar 2018–Feb 2020 COVID: Mar–Sept 2020 |
Pre-COVID: 46 (62) COVID: 44 (66) |
111/991 (11%) | 47/417 (11%) | 76/991 (8%) | 26/417 (6%) | NR | NR | NR |
|
Smart, 2021 [32] Abstract |
Australia Single center |
NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Patients with AH who responded to steroids: RR 0.16 | NR | NR | NR |
|
Sohal, 2021 [41] Full-text article |
CA, USA Multi center (3 community hospitals) |
Pre-COVID: Jan 1–Dec 15, 2019 COVID: Jan 1–Dec 15, 2020 |
Pre-COVID: 48 (82) COVID: 47 (73) |
33 (25%) | 55 (28%) | 20 (15%) | 26 (13%) | NR | NR | NR |
*Reported as mean or median; yr., years; ICU, intensive care unit; COVID, coronavirus disease; UNOS, United Network for Organ Sharing; NR, not reported; WL, waiting list; AH, alcohol-associated hepatitis; DDLT, deceased donor liver transplantation; LT, liver transplantation; ALD, alcoholic liver disease; SAH, severe alcohol-associated hepatitis; ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; Q, quarter; RR, relative risk