. 2022 Nov 23;62(4):1691–1705. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-03050-3

Table 4.

Influence of DHA supplementation on serum fatty acids according to diet group (% of total fatty acids)

	Placebo			DHA-supplement			p
	OMN	LOV	VEG	OMN	LOV	VEG	p_D	p_T	p_DxT
MIR (C14:0)	0.65 ± 0.05	0.69 ± 0.06	0.60 ± 0.05	0.62 ± 0.04	0.67 ± 0.05	0.60 ± 0.08	0.170	0.600	0.818
PTC (C15:0)	0.20 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.00^{a, b}	0.19 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.00^{a, b}	< 0.001	0.734	0.939
PAL (C16:0)	20.98 ± 0.27	20.95 ± 0.25	19.22 ± 0.29^{a, b}	21.21 ± 0.25	20.85 ± 0.39	19.16 ± 0.26^{a, b}	< 0.001	0.962	0.685
POA (C16:1n7)	1.30 ± 0.08	1.15 ± 0.07	0.97 ± 0.06^a	1.23 ± 0.07	1.09 ± 0.07	0.94 ± 0.06^a	< 0.001	0.289	0.957
MAR (C17:0)	0.25 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01^a	0.17 ± 0.01^a	0.25 ± 0.01	0.23 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01^a	< 0.001	0.573	0.190
STE (C18:0)	7.39 ± 0.12	7.55 ± 0.12	7.42 ± 0.15	7.55 ± 0.12	7.55 ± 0.16	7.54 ± .012	0.889	0.554	0.922
VAC(C18:1n7c)	1.54 ± 0.03	1.44 ± 0.04	1.45 ± 0.03	1.51 ± 0.03	1.49 ± 0.05	1.42 ± 0.03	0.018	0.781	0.402
OA (C18:1n9c)	22.06 ± 0.39	22.05 ± 0.54	23.94 ± 0.59^{a, b}	22.30 ± 0.47	22.51 ± 0.70	23.50 ± 0.53	< 0.001	0.934	0.787
LA (C18:2n6c)	32.63 ± 0.61	34.05 ± 0.54	34.93 ± 0.48^a	32.14 ± 0.53	33.90 ± 0.98	34.72 ± 0.59^a	< 0.001	0.655	0.989
ALA (C18:3n3)	0.29 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.02	0.38 ± 0.03^a	0.26 ± 0.02	0.37 ± 0.03^a	0.40 ± 0.03^a	< 0.001	0.842	0.565
GLA (C18:3n6)	0.38 ± 0.03	0.37 ± 0.03	0.46 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.03	0.44 ± 0.04^a	< 0.001	0.094	0.643
EA (C20:1n9)	0.21 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.01	0.26 ± 0.03^{a, b}	0.19 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01	0.23 ± 0.01^b	< 0.001	0.138	0.155
EDA (C20:2n6)	0.20 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01^a	0.007	0.454	0.878
DGLA (C20:3n6)	1.54 ± 0.06	1.65 ± 0.07	1.72 ± 0.08	1.44 ± 0.05	1.53 ± 0.09	1.68 ± 0.08^a	0.005	0.199	0.965
AA (C20:4n6)	7.42 ± 0.23	7.03 ± 0.33	6.75 ± 0.25	7.23 ± 0.20	6.47 ± 0.29	6.48 ± 0.28	0.007	0.100	0.810
EPA (C20:5n3)	0.49 ± 0.05	0.23 ± 0.02^a	0.16 ± 0.02^a	0.53 ± 0.06	0.25 ± 0.03^a	0.28 ± 0.05^a	< 0.001	0.116	0.615
ADA (C22:4n6)	0.21 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01	0.23 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01^c	0.17 ± 0.01^c	0.17 ± 0.01^c	0.687	< 0.001	0.355
DPA (C22:5n3)	0.33 ± 0.01	0.27 ± 0.02	0.28 ± 0.02	0.28 ± 0.01^c	0.19 ± 0.01^{a, c}	0.22 ± 0.02^{a, c}	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.743
DHA (C22:6n3)	1.94 ± 0.09	1.26 ± 0.08^a	0.75 ± 0.05^{a, b}	2.40 ± 0.10^c	1.87 ± 0.07^{a, c}	1.74 ± 0.07^{a, c}	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.018
n-6	27.08 ± 2.10	43.49 ± 0.57^a	44.31 ± 0.61^a	38.09 ± 1.71	39.30 ± 2.38	42.24 ± 1.57	0.004	0.264	0.343
n-3	4.01 ± 2.52	3.75 ± 0.13	3.29 ± 0.12^a	4.52 ± 0.23	3.89 ± 0.26	4.17 ± 0.21^c	0.021	0.008	0.385
Ratio n-6/n-3	9.80 ± 0.52	11.98 ± 0.47^a	13.93 ± 0.47^{a, b}	8.75 ± 0.29^c	10.43 ± 0.49^{a, c}	10.47 ± 0.38^{a, c}	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.017
DHA/AA	0.27 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.02^a	0.12 ± 0.01^{a, b}	0.34 ± 0.01^c	0.30 ± 0.02^c	0.28 ± 0.01^{a, c}	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002
AA + (EPA + DHA)	3.28 ± 0.15	5.03 ± 0.32^a	8.22 ± 0.60ª^{, b}	2.67 ± 0.12^c	3.08 ± 0.14^{a, c}	3.38 ± 0.15^{a, c}	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
OA/STE	3.04 ± 0.09	2.95 ± 0.10	3.28 ± 0.11	3.00 ± 0.09	3.03 ± 0.13	3.15 ± 0.10	0.048	0.752	0.686
LA/OA	1.51 ± 0.04	1.58 ± 0.06	1.50 ± 0.05	1.48 ± 0.05	1.56 ± 0.08	1.51 ± 0.06	0.626	0.889	0.977
ALA/LA	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00^a	0.01 ± 0.00^a	< 0.001	0.794	0.547
LA/ALA	157.98 ± 28.91	106.85 ± 6.53	111.40 ± 9.13	155.47 ± 14.27	115.66 ± 14.69	95.01 ± 4.91^a	< 0.001	0.909	0.288
GLA/LA	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.019	0.140	0.503
AA/DGLA	5.01 ± 0.20	4.47 ± 0.29	4.24 ± 0.28^a	5.30 ± 0.26	4.54 ± 0.31	4.10 ± 0.25^a	< 0.001	0.999	0.861
EPA/ALA	1.91 ± 0.22	0.68 ± 0.07^a	0.42 ± 0.03^a	2.34 ± 0.24	0.78 ± 0.09^a	0.71 ± 0.11^a	< 0.001	0.016	0.211
DHA/ALA	8.22 ± 0.72	4.04 ± 0.34^a	2.39 ± 0.25^{a, b}	11.61 ± 1.07^c	6.65 ± 0.95^{a, c}	4.75 ± 0.30^{a, c}	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.171
DHA/EPA	5.34 ± 0.52	6.93 ± 0.72	5.99 ± 0.61	5.70 ± 0.34	9.76 ± 1.21^a	8.26 ± 0.72^{a, c}	0.004	0.001	0.136
EPA/AA	0.07 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01^a	0.02 ± 0.00^a	0.08 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.00^a	0.04 ± 0.01^a	< 0.001	0.101	0.683
SFA	29.46 ± 0.30	29.59 ± 0.34	27.50 ± 0.32^{a, b}	29.82 ± 0.26	29.48 ± 0.43	27.58 ± 0.31^{a, b}	< 0.001	0.877	0.602
MUFA	25.11 ± 0.43	24.82 ± 0.56	26.62 ± 0.61^a	25.22 ± 0.47	25.26 ± 0.73	26.09 ± 0.57	0.017	0.917	0.765
PUFA	45.42 ± 0.58	45.59 ± 0.53	45.88 ± 0.64	44.96 ± 0.53	45.26 ± 0.79	46.33 ± 0.61	0.304	0.897	0.819
PUFA/SFA	1.55 ± 0.03	1.55 ± 0.03	1.68 ± 0.03^{a, b}	1.52 ± 0.03	1.55 ± 0.04	1.69 ± 0.03^{a, b}	< 0.001	0.804	0.778
PUFA/MUFA	1.84 ± 0.05	1.87 ± 0.06	1.77 ± 0.06	1.83 ± 0.06	1.84 ± 0.08	1.81 ± 0.06	0.545	0.901	0.865
(PUFA + MUFA)/SFA	2.41 ± 0.03	2.39 ± 0.04	2.65 ± 0.04^{a, b}	2.36 ± 0.03	2.41 ± 0.05	2.64 ± 0.04^{a, b}	< 0.001	0.843	0.614

Values are expressed in mean ± SEM

Bold values indicate that the significant differences

OMN omnivorous, LOV lacto-ovo vegetarian, VEG vegan. Effects of diet group (D), treatment (T), and interaction (DxT), are presented. Within placebo or treatment

^aDenotes significant differences compared to OMN

^bCompared to LOV (at least p < 0.05). Between placebo and treatment

^cIndicates significant differences compared to placebo from the same diet group (at least p < 0.05)