Table 2.
Prevalence of Pretreatment Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in El Salvador, 2018–2019a
| Drug Class | All | ART Initiators Without Previous ARV Drug Exposure | ART Initiators With Previous ARV Drug Exposure | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| no./No. | % (95% CI) | no./No. | % (95% CI) | no./No. | % (95% CI) | |
| NRTI | ||||||
| Any | 14/209 | 10.3 (4.1–23.6) | 7/159 | 9.6 (2.8–28.4) | 7/47 | 13.3 (6.9–24.1) |
| ABC | 9/209 | 8.0 (3.0–23.0) | 2/159 | 7.0 (1.0–30.0) | 7/47 | 13.0 (7.0–24.0) |
| 3TC or FTC | 9/209 | 8.0 (3.0–23.0) | 2/159 | 7.0 (1.0–30.0) | 7/47 | 13.0 (7.0–24.0) |
| TDF | 3/209 | 3.0 (1.0–11.0) | 1/159 | 2.0 (.0–17.0) | 2/47 | 3.0 (1.0–9.0) |
| ZDV | 6/209 | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 5/159 | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | 1/47 | 2.0 (.0–9.0) |
| NNRTI | ||||||
| EFV or NVP | 39/209 | 27.0 (17.1–39.9) | 21/159 | 24.4 (13.2–40.7) | 18/47 | 37.4 (22.3–55.4) |
| DOR | 23/209 | 12.0 (7.0–19.0) | 10/159 | 9.0 (4.0–18.0) | 13/47 | 23.0 (14.0–35.0) |
| EFV | 38/209 | 26.8 (16.9–39.7) | 21/159 | 24.4 (13.2–40.7) | 17/47 | 36.3 (21.3–54.5) |
| ETR | 14/209 | 10.0 (4.0–23.0) | 6/159 | 9.0 (2.0–29.0) | 8/47 | 14.0 (8.0–23.0) |
| NVP | 39/209 | 27.0 (17.1–39.9) | 21/159 | 24.4 (13.2–40.7) | 18/47 | 37.4 (22.3–55.4) |
| RPV | 21/209 | 12.0 (6.0–25.0) | 13/159 | 12.0 (4.0–29.0) | 8/47 | 14.0 (8.0–23.0) |
| PI/r | ||||||
| ATV/r, DRV/r, or LPV/r | 4/209 | 1.2 (.6–2.4) | 4/159 | 1.5 (.7–3.1) | 0/47 | 0.0 (.0–7.6) |
| ATV/r | 3/209 | 1.0 (.0–2.0) | 3/159 | 1.0 (.0–3.0) | 0/47 | 0.0 (.0–7.6) |
| DRV/r | 0/209 | 0.0 (.2.0) | 0/159 | 0.0 (.0–2.0) | 0/47 | 0.0 (.0–7.6) |
| LPV/r | 2/209 | 1.0 (.0–2.0) | 2/159 | 1.0 (.0–3.0) | 0/47 | 0.0 (.0–7.6) |
| INSTI | ||||||
| Any | 2/197 | 3.5 (2.9–19.5) | 1/149 | 3.9 (3.8–27.1) | 1/45 | 2.1 (1.4–8.7) |
| BIC | 0/197 | 0.0 (.0–1.9) | 0/149 | 0.0 (.0–2.5) | 0/45 | 0.0 (.0–7.9) |
| CAB | 0/197 | 0.0 (.0–1.9) | 0/149 | 0.0 (.0–2.5) | 0/45 | 0.0 (.0–7.9) |
| DTG | 0/197 | 0.0 (.0–1.9) | 0/149 | 0.0 (.0–2.5) | 0/45 | 0.0 (.0–7.9) |
| EVG | 1/197 | 3.0 (.3–21.5) | 1/149 | 3.9 (.4–27.1) | 0/45 | 0.0 (.0–7.9) |
| RAL | 1/197 | 0.5 (.1–2.6) | 0/149 | 0.0 (.0–2.5) | 1/45 | 2.1 (1.4–8.7) |
Abbreviations: 3TC, lamivudine; ABC, abacavir; ART, antiretroviral therapy; ARV, antiretroviral; ATV/r, atazanavir/ritonavir; BIC, bictegravir; CAB, cabotegravir; CI, confidence interval; DOR, doravirine; DRV/r, darunavir/ritonavir; DTG, dolutegravir; EFV, efavirenz; ETR, etravirine; EVG, elvitegravir; FTC, emtricitabine; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; LPV/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NVP, nevirapine; PI/r, boosted protease inhibitor; RAL, raltegravir; RPV, rilpivirine; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; ZDV, zidovudine.
Study design–weighted proportions and 95% CIs. The “All” group includes 3 ART initiators with unknown previous ARV drug exposure. HIV drug resistance was defined as the presence of a penalty score ≥15 using the Stanford HIVdb algorithm.