TABLE 2.
Natural products that interfere with the glycolysis process.
| Compound | Source | Molecular formula | Cas number | Role of glycolysis | Author, year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dauricine | Vietnamese Sophora root | C38H44N2O6 | 524–17-4 | ↓HK2, PKM2 | Li et al. (2018) |
| Monocrotaline | Crotalaria novae-hollandiae, Crotalaria recta | C16H23NO6 | 315–22-0 | ↓HK1 | Zhang et al. (2014) |
| Oxymatrine | Sophora pachycarpa, Sophora chrysophylla | C15H24N2O2 | 16,837–52-8 | ↓PKM2, GULT1 | Li et al., (2020c) |
| Sinomenine | Sinomenium acutum, Stephania cephalantha | C19H23NO4 | 115–53-7 | ↓HK2 | Liu et al. (2020) |
| Apigenin | Verbascum lychnitis, Carex fraseriana | C15H10O5 | 520–36-5 | ↓PKM2 | Zhao et al. (2021) |
| Cynaroside | Verbascum lychnitis, Carex fraseriana | C21H20O11 | 5,373–11-5 | ↓PKM2, PFKFB3, HK2 | Pei et al. (2021) |
| Iridin | Iris milesii, Iris tectorum | C24H26O13 | 491–74-7 | ↓PKM2, Lactate, Glucose | (Ying et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2022) |
| Isoliquiritigenin | Pterocarpus indicus, Dracaena draco | C15H12O4 | 961–29-5 | ↓GLUT 1/4, HK2, PKM, LDHA | Wang et al. (2016) |
| Kaempferol | Lotus ucrainicus, Ardisia sanguinolenta | C15H10O6 | 520–18-3 | ↓PKM2, Lactate, Glucose | Wu et al. (2022) |
| Licochalcone A | Euphorbia helioscopia, Pogostemon cablin | C21H22O4 | 58,749–22-7 | ↓HK2 | Wu et al., (2018b) |
| Quercetin | Plant food | C15H10O7 | 117–39-5 | ↓Glucose, Lactate, PKM2, GLUT, LDHA, HK2 | (Jia et al., 2018; Wu et al., 2019) |
| Xanthohumol | Humulus lupulus L | C21H22O5 | 6,754–58-1 | ↓HK2 | Yuan et al. (2020) |
| Catechin | Visnea mocanera, Salacia chinensis | C15H14O6 | 7,295–85-4 | ↓LDHA, Lactate | Han et al. (2021) |
| Epigallocatechin gallate | Limoniastrum guyonianum, Scurrula atropurpurea | C22H18O11 | 989–51-5 | ↓HK2 | Gao et al. (2015) |
| Resveratrol | Grapes and other food products | C14H12O3 | 501–36-0 | ↓HK2, GLUT1, PFK1, PKM2 | (Dai et al., 2015; Han et al., 2015; Li et al., 2016a; Wu et al., 2018a) |
| Rosmarinic acid | Dimetia scandens, Scrophularia scorodonia | C18H16O8 | 20,283–92-5 | ↓Lactate, Glucose | Han et al. (2015) |
| Astragaloside IV | Euphorbia glareosa, Astragalus ernestii | C41H68O14 | 84,687–43-4 | ↓LDHA | Zhang et al. (2018) |
| Cassiaside C | Senna obtusifolia, Senna tora | C27H32O15 | 119,170–52-4 | ↓Lactate | Kim et al. (2022) |
| Andrographolide | Andrographis paniculata | C20H30O5 | 5,508–58-7 | ↓PFKFB3 | Yao et al. (2019) |
| Celastrol | Reissantia buchananii, Crossopetalum gaumeri | C29H38O4 | 34,157–83-0 | ↑ATP, Glucose, ↓LDHA, GLUT1, HK2, Lactate | Chen et al. (2022) |
| Costunolide | Magnolia garrettii, Critonia morifolia | C15H20O2 | 553–21-9 | ↓HK2, Lactate, Glucose | Ban et al. (2019) |
| Cryptotanshinone | Salvia miltiorrhiza, Salvia przewalskii | C19H20O3 | 35,825–57-1 | ↓GLUT1, LDHA, HK2, PKM2 | (Yang et al., 2018b; Zhou et al., 2020) |
| Paclitaxel | Taxus brevifolia | C47H51NO14 | 33,069–62-4 | ↓GLUT1, PKM2, LDHA | Long et al. (2020) |
| Shikonin | Echium plantagineum, Arnebia hispidissima | C16H16O5 | 517–89-5 | ↓GLUT1, PKM2, HK2 | (Vališ et al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2018; Li et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2021; Dai et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2022) |
| Tanshinone IIA | Salvia miltiorrhiza, Salvia digitaloides | C19H18O3 | 568–72-9 | ↓HK2 | Li et al., (2020b) |
| Atractylodin | Atractylodes japonica, Atractylodes macrocephala | C13H10O | 55,290–63-6 | ↓Lactate | Qu et al. (2021) |
| Cinnamic acid | Plantago coronopus, Marsypopetalum crassum | C9H8O2 | 140–10-3 | ↓PKM2 | Yao et al. (2021) |
↑, increase; ↓, decrease.