Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable analysis of factors associated with 1-year mortality in the entire cohort (N = 1,021).
| Variable | Univariable analysis |
Multivariable analysis (model 1) |
Multivariable analysis (model 2) |
Multivariable analysis (model 3) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | p value | HR (95%CI) | p value | HR (95%CI) | p value | HR (95%CI) | p value | |
| Treatment (p-TIPS vs. medical) | 0.67 (0.48 to 0.94) | 0.021 | 0.59 (0.41 to 0.84) | 0.003 | 0.62 (0.44 to 0.88) | 0.008 | 0.62 (0.44 to 0.89) | 0.010 |
| Age (per year increase) | 1.04 (1.03 to 1.05) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.03 to 1.05) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.03 to 1.05) | <0.001 | ||
| MELD score (per point increase) | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.16) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.10 to 1.18) | <0.001 | ||||
| CLIF-C ADs (per point increase) | 1.07 (1.05 to 1.08) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.05 to 1.08) | <0.001 | ||||
| Active bleeding (yes vs. no) | 1.38 (1.02 to 1.85) | 0.034 | 1.55 (1.14 to 2.10) | 0.005 | 1.48 (1.09 to 2.00) | 0.012 | 1.52 (1.12 to 2.08) | 0.008 |
| WBC (per 1 × 109cell/L increase) | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.07) | <0.001 | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.03) | 0.838 | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.04) | 0.862 | ||
| INR (per unit increase) | 1.39 (1.12 to 1.72) | 0.003 | 1.47 (1.18 to 1.83) | 0.001 | ||||
| Bilirubin (per mg/dl increase) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.17) | 0.012 | 1.14 (1.07 to 1.22) | <0.001 | ||||
| Serum albumin (per g/L increase) | 0.96 (0.93 to 0.98) | 0.002 | 0.96 (0.93 to 0.99) | 0.016 | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) | 0.135 | 0.96 (0.93 to 0.99) | 0.011 |
| Creatinine (per mg/dl increase) | 1.5 (1.23 to 1.83) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.36 to 2.15) | <0.001 | ||||
| Platelet count (per 1 × 109/L increase) | 1 (1.00 to 1.00) | 0.023 | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.007 | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 0.315 | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.024 |
| Sodium (per mmol/L increase) | 0.97 (0.95 to 1.00) | 0.041 | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.013 | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.012 | ||
| Comorbidities‡ (yes vs. no) | 1.81 (1.34 to 2.45) | <0.001 | 1.37 (0.99 to 1.88) | 0.056 | 1.59 (1.17 to 2.17) | 0.003 | 1.43 (1.04 to 1.98) | 0.028 |
| Infection (yes vs. no) | 1.9 (1.24 to 2.92) | 0.003 | 1.60 (0.92 to 2.80) | 0.098 | 0.92 (0.58 to 1.48) | 0.738 | 1.58 (0.90 to 2.76) | 0.109 |
| Shock at admission∗ (yes vs. no) | 1.42 (1.01 to 2.00) | 0.043 | 1.32 (0.93 to 1.88) | 0.119 | 1.23 (0.87 to 1.74) | 0.244 | 1.36 (0.95 to 1.94) | 0.096 |
Only variables with a p value <0.1 in the univariable analysis are shown. Variables selected into the Univariable analysis were sex, age, aetiology of cirrhosis, HBV DNA or HCV-RNA detectable, MELD score, location of varices at index gastroscopy, grade of oesophageal varices, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, previous bleeding, haemoglobin, serum albumin, serum total bilirubin, INR, serum creatinine, commodities, portal vein thrombosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, heart rate at admission, infection at admission, shock at admission and blood transfusion requirement.
CLIF-C ADs, Chronic Liver Failure-Consortium acute decompensation score; HR, hazard ratio; INR, international normalised ratio; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; p-TIPS, pre-emptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; WBC, white blood cell.
Commodities include hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes.
Hypovolemic shock was defined as systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg and heart rate >100 beat per minute.