Table 2.
Previously identified causes of neonatal hypocalcemic seizures from literature.
| Authors | Methods and patients | Results | Significance | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lynch et al., 1994 | 15 neonatal HS | 7 DiGeorge syndrome, 2 prematurity, 3 unknown, 1 jejunal atresia, 1 maternal hyperparathyroidism 1, and 1 idiopathic hypoparathyroidism | HS are rare but important treatable causes of neonatal seizures. The prognosis should be related to associated the diagnoses and etiology. | (3) |
| Teaema et al., 2010 | 19 symptomatic neonatal HS secondary to vitamin D deficiency | 19 neonatal HS with 7 vitamin D deficiency (n = 13), stridor (n = 1) and jitteriness (n = 5). Their mean age of onset was 9.5 ± 7.8 days with a mean serum 25(OH)-D level of 9.4 ± 4.6 ng ml | Vitamin D supplementation should be considered after proper screening | (23) |
|
Levy-Shraga
et al., 2015 |
3 neonatal HS | 1 Transient hypoparathyroidism due to maternal hyperparathyroidism, 1 vitamin D deficiency, and 1 DiGeorge syndrome. | Because many etiologies of neonatal HS, careful investigation of the specific etiology of the hypocalcemia is important. | (24) |
| Sanjad et al., 1991 | 12 infants with HS (6 boys, 6 girls); 9 neonatal HS | All had congenital hypoparathyroidism, growth failure, dysmorphism and mental retardation. None had chromosome anomalies. Eleven were born of parents who were intermarriage. None had CHD. Cell mediated immunity in 5 was normal. Four patients died. The remaining 8 were treated with vitamin D and calcium without change in their growth pattern. | A syndrome associated with HS and congenital hypoparathyroidism, suggested autosomal recessive inheritance from parental consanguinity in the Arabian peninsula. | (25) |
|
Huang et al.,
2022 |
16 neonatal HS | 3 DiGeorge syndrome, 1 carried compound heterozygous ALMS1 mutations with Alström syndrome, 1 Kleefstra syndrome, 8 vitamin D deficiency, 1 hypoparathyroidism, and 2 HIE | Syndromic neonatal HS can cause refractory HS, and need genetic study including WES | In the study |
HS, hypocalcemic seizure; CHD, congenital heart disease; HIE, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathies; WES, whole exome sequencing.