Table 1. Main Outcomes in Each Networka.
| Country, region | Type of network | Births, No. | Treated neonates, No. (%)b | Duration of antibiotic treatment, median (IQR), d | Antibiotic days, No.d | EOS cases, No. (‰) | All-cause deaths, No. (‰) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All treated neonatesb | EOS cases | EOS cases without CoNSc | Cases without proven EOS | All EOS cases | EOS cases without CoNSc | All neonates | All treated neonatesb | EOS cases | EOS cases without CoNSc | Cases without proven EOS | |||||
| All networks | NA | 757 979 | 21 703 (2.86) | 4 (3-6) | 9 (7-14) | 10 (7-14) | 4 (3-6) | 102 486 (135) | 375 (0.49) | 310 (0.41) | 623 (0.82) | 239 (1.10) | 12 (3.20) | 11 (3.50) | 227 (1.10) |
| Population-based networks | NA | 408 248 | 8413 (2.06) | 4 (3-6) | 8 (6-11) | 8 (6-11) | 4 (3-6) | 37 861 (92) | 193 (0.47) | 163 (0.40) | 212 (0.52) | 121 (1.40) | 5 (2.60) | 4 (2.50) | 116 (1.40) |
| Hospital-based networks | NA | 349 731 | 13 290 (3.80) | 4 (3-6) | 11 (7-15) | 11 (8-15) | 4 (3-6) | 64 625 (185) | 182 (0.52) | 147 (0.42) | 411 (1.18) | 118 (0.89) | 7 (3.80) | 7 (4.80) | 111 (0.80) |
| Norwaye | Population-based data | 228 199 | 5767 (2.52) | 4 (3-6) | 8 (6-11) | 8 (6-11) | 4 (3-6) | 26 273 (115) | 143 (0.63) | 117 (0.51) | 149 (0.65) | 82 (1.40) | 3 (2.10) | 2 (1.70) | 79 (1.40) |
| Sweden, Stockholm County | Population-based data | 144 417 | 1701 (1.18) | 4 (3-6) | 9 (8-11) | 9 (8-11) | 4 (3-5) | 7792 (54) | 42 (0.29) | 41 (0.21) | 48 (0.33) | 32 (1.90) | 2 (4.80) | 2 (4.90) | 30 (1.80) |
| Central Switzerland | Population-based data | 35 632 | 945 (2.65) | 4 (2-5) | 10 (9-14) | 14 (10-15) | 4 (2-5) | 3796 (107) | 8 (0.22) | 5 (0.14) | 15 (0.42) | 7 (0.90) | 0 | 0 | 7 (0.70) |
| Italy, Emilia Romagna | 4 Level ≥III hospitals | 55 345 | 931 (1.68) | 5 (3-7) | 8 (7-14) | 9 (8-14) | 4 (3-6) | 5118 (92) | 25 (0.45) | 22 (0.40) | 22 (0.40) | 18 (1.90) | 3 (12.00) | 3 (13.60) | 15 (1.70) |
| Western Switzerland | 3 Level ≥III, 1 level II hospitals | 46 169 | 1303 (2.82) | 3 (3-6) | 10 (8-14) | 11 (8-15) | 3 (3-6) | 5835 (126) | 17 (0.37) | 14 (0.30) | 52 (1.13) | 15 (1.20) | 1 (5.90) | 1 (7.10) | 14 (1.10) |
| Canada, Hamilton | 1 Level ≥III, 2 level II hospitals | 44 502 | 2123 (4.77) | 4 (4-7)f | 12 (9-15) | 14 (11-16) | 4 (3-7)f | 10 256 (230)f | 24 (0.54) | 19 (0.43) | 92 (2.07) | 17 (0.80) | 1 (4.20) | 1 (5.30) | 16 (0.80) |
| United States, Rhode Island | 1 Level ≥III hospital | 39 819 | 963 (2.42) | 3 (3-3) | 12 (11-16) | 12 (11-16) | 3 (3-3) | 3486 (88) | 7 (0.18) | 7 (0.18) | 17 (0.43) | 4 (0.40) | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.40) |
| Hungary | 2 Level ≥III hospitals | 29 648 | 1285 (4.33) | 3 (3-5) | 8 (6-11) | 11 (8-16) | 3 (3-5) | 5322 (180) | 17 (0.34) | 9 (0.30) | 33 (1.11) | 11 (0.90) | 0 | 0 | 11 (0.90) |
| Italy, Apulia | 3 Level ≥III hospitals | 29 599 | 1320 (4.46) | 7 (6-10)f | 11 (8-15) | 12 (10-16) | 7 (6-10) | 11 467 (387)f | 43 (1.45) | 35 (1.18) | 16 (0.54) | 4 (0.30) | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.30) |
| Belgium, Wallonia | 2 Level ≥III hospitals | 28 402 | 716 (2.52) | 4 (4-5) | 11 (11-15) | 11 (11-15) | 4 (4-5) | 3397 (120) | 11 (0.39) | 11 (0.39) | 47 (1.65) | 6 (0.80) | 0 | 0 | 6 (0.90) |
| Czech Republic, Prague | 1 Level ≥III, 1 level II hospital | 26 985 | 510 (1.89) | 5 (3-6) | 7 (7-14) | 7 (7-14) | 5 (3-6) | 2387 (88) | 9 (0.33) | 7 (0.26) | 14 (0.52) | 2 (0.40) | 1 (11.10) | 1 (14.30) | 1 (0.20) |
| Australia, Perth | 1 Level ≥III hospital | 26 087 | 3249 (12.45) | 3 (3-4) | 9 (7-15) | 9 (7-15) | 3 (3-4) | 12 811 (491) | 19 (0.73) | 16 (0.61) | 61 (2.34) | 20 (0.60) | 0 | 0 | 20 (0.60) |
| Poland, Warsaw | 2 Level ≥III hospitals | 23 175 | 890 (3.84) | 4 (3-6) | 12 (8-11) | 15 (8-15) | 4 (3-6) | 4546 (196) | 10 (0.43) | 7 (0.30) | 57 (2.46) | 21 (2.40) | 1 (10.00) | 1 (14.30) | 20 (2.30) |
Abbreviations: CoNS, coagulase-negative staphylococci; EOS, early-onset sepsis; NA, not applicable.
a
Categorical variables are presented as frequencies (percentages), and continuous variables are presented as median (IQR). Column percentages are presented; percentages are based on available data for each variable.
b
Treated neonates refers to neonates treated with intravenous antibiotics during the first postnatal week.
c
Refers to number of EOS cases without inclusion of CoNS cases.
d
The number in parentheses shows number of antibiotic days per 1000 live births.
e
For Norway, data were available from 2015 to 2018.
f
Data were missing for 1 patient.