. 2022 Nov 23;5(11):e2243597. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43597

Table 1. Characteristics of Included Studies.

Source (country)	Data source	Year of data collection	Study design	Median follow-up, y	Participants, No.	Male, %	Age, y	Exposure				Outcomes		Adjustment for covariates	GRACE score
Source (country)	Data source	Year of data collection	Study design	Median follow-up, y	Participants, No.	Male, %	Age, y	ADHD medication	New or prevalent user	Measure of use	Duration of use, y	Definition	Diseases	Adjustment for covariates	GRACE score
Cooper et al,⁹ 2011 (United States)	Claims	1986-2005	Cohort	2.1	1 200 438	71	Mean, 11; range, 2-24	AMP, MPH, DMPH, ATX, pemoline	Mixed^a	Current	NA	ICD-9, ICD-10	MI, CA, stroke	Demographics, comorbidities, health care utilization	11
Dalsgaard et al,¹¹ 2014 (Denmark)	Register	1990-2008	Cohort	9.5	8300	81	Mean, 11	AMP, MPH	Mixed^a	Current	2.5	ICD-10	CVD	Demographics, comorbidities, perinatal characteristics	8
Guertin et al,³¹ 2014 (Canada)	Claims	2001-2010	NCC	NA	38 495	70	Mean, 9	AMP, MPH, ATX	New	Current	NA	ICD-9, ICD-10	CVD	Demographics	8
Habel et al,¹⁰ 2011 (United States)	Claims	1986-2005	Cohort	1.3	443 198	46	Range, 25-64	AMP, MPH, ATX, pemoline	Mixed^a	Current	0.33	ICD-9, ICD-10	MI, CA, stroke	Demographics, CV risk score	11
Holick et al,³² 2009 (United States)	Claims	2003-2006	Cohort	1.5	86 205	52	≥18	AMP, MPH, ATX	New	Current	NA	ICD-9	Cerebrovascular disease, TIA	Demographics, comorbidities, comedications	9
Houghton et al,¹⁶ 2020 (United States)	Claims	2000-2016	NCC	NA	2046	68	Mean, 14; range, 3-18	AMP, MPH, ATX	Mixed^a	Current	NA	ICD-9, ICD-10	MI, arrhythmia, stroke	Demographics, CV risk, comorbidities, comedications	9
Jeong et al,¹⁷ 2021 (South Korea)	Claims	2002-2018	SCCS	NA	2104	51	Mean, 58; ≥6	MPH	New	Current	2.8	ICD-10	MI	Age, comorbidities, comedications	10
Jeong et al,¹⁷ 2021 (Taiwan)	Claims	2004-2015	SCCS	NA	484	64	Mean, 65; ≥6	MPH	New	Current	2.3	ICD-9	MI	Age, comorbidities, comedications	10
Jeong et al,¹⁷ 2021 (Hong Kong)	Clinical data	2001-2016	SCCS	NA	30	50	Mean, 70; ≥48	MPH	New	Current	2.3	ICD-9	MI	Age, comorbidities, comedications	10
Latronica et al,¹⁸ 2021 (United States)	EHR	2018-2020	Cohort	2	13 233	37	Mean, 70; ≥65	AMP	Mixed^a	Current	NA	ICD-10	HF, stroke, MI, AF, IHD, arrhythmia	Demographics, BMI, comorbidities	7
Olfson et al,³³ 2012 (United States)	Claims	1997-2007	Cohort	1.8	171 126	67	Range, 6-21	AMP, MPH	New	Current	NA	ICD-9	Angina pectoris, arrhythmia, TIA	Demographics, comorbidities, comedications	9
Peyre et al,³⁴ 2014 (United States)	National representative survey	2004-2005	Cohort	1	807	59	Mean, 40	Not specified	Mixed^a	Ever	NA	Self-report	MI, angina pectoris, stroke	CV risk factors	5
Saiz et al,¹⁹ 2020 (Spain)	Primary care database	2002-2014	NCC	NA	2882	40	Mean, 14; range, 5-25	MPH	Mixed^a	Current	0.65	ICPC, ICD-9	Valvular heart disease	Age, sex, smoking, comorbidities, comedications	9
Schelleman et al,³⁵ 2011 (United States)	Claims	1999-2006	Cohort	1.4	241 417	72	Range, 3-17	AMP, MPH, ATX	New	Current	0.37	ICD-9	Sudden death, ventricular arrhythmia	Data source	8
Schelleman et al,³⁶ 2012 (United States)	Claims	1999-2006	Cohort	1.2	219 954	45	≥18	MPH	New	Current	0.16	ICD-9	MI, stroke	Demographics, comorbidities, comedications	9
Schelleman et al,³⁷ 2013 (United States)	Claims	1999-2006	Cohort	1.2	192 905	46	≥18	AMP	New	Current	0.24	ICD-9	MI, stroke	Demographics, comorbidities, comedications	9
Shin et al,³⁸ 2016 (South Korea)	Claims	2008-2011	SCCS	NA	1224	78	Mean, 13; range, ≤17	MPH	New	Current	0.5	ICD-10	Arrythmias, HF, Hypertension, MI, stroke	Age, comorbidities, comedications	11
Tadrous et al,²⁰ 2021 (Canada)	Claims and health care database	2002-2016	Cohort	1	31 310	49	Mean, 74; range, ≥66	AMP, MPH	New	Current	NA	ICD-9, ICD-10	MI, ventricular arrhythmia, stroke, TIA	Demographics, CVD history, physician visits, comorbidities, comedications	11
Winterstein et al,³⁹ 2007 (United States)	Claims	1994-2004	Cohort	2.3	55 383	70	Range, 3-20	AMP, MPH, pemoline	New	Current	NA	ICD-9	MI, hypertensive diseases, aortic or thoracic aneurysm, arrhythmia, cardiac symptoms	Age, race, congenital anomalies, history of circulatory disease, comorbidities, comedications	9
Winterstein et al,¹² 2012 (United States)	Claims	1999-2006	Cohort	1.9	1 219 847	59	Range, 3-18	AMP, MPH	Mixed^a	Current	NA	ICD-9	MI, CA, ventricular arrhythmia, stroke	Demographics, CV risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications	9
Zhang et al,⁴⁰ 2015 (United States)	Research sample	1979-2014	Cohort	7.9	144	62	Mean, 11	AMP, MPH, ATX, guanfacine	Mixed^a	Current	NA	NA	Syncope, aborted CA	Age, gender, QTc-duration, prior cardiac event, comedications	6

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; AF, atrial fibrillation; AMP, amphetamines; ATX, atomoxetine; BMI, body mass index; CA, cardiac arrest; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DMPH, dexmethylphenidate; EHR, electronic health record; HF, heart failure; EHR, electronic health records; GRACE, The Good Research for Comparative Effectiveness Checklist; ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision; ICD-10, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision; ICPC, international classification of primary care; IHD, ischemic heart disease; MI, myocardial infarction; MPH, methylphenidate; NA, not available; NCC, nested case-control; SCCS, self-controlled case series; TIA; transient ischemic attack.

^{^a}

Mixed indicates mixture of incident and prevalent users.