Table 2.
Number of behavior change techniques (BCTs) and BCT categories used across all studies.
|
|
Grossman et al [61] | Hartman et al [62] | Park and Kim [60] | Cadmus-Bertram et al [64] | Finkelstein et al [65] | Fukuoka et al [66] | Lynch et al [67] and Nguyen et al [68] | Anderson et al [73] and McGuire et al [69] | Ryan et al [63] | Steinberg et al [48] | Im et al [70] | Im et al [71] | Ryan et al [72] | BCTs per category, n (%)a | Mean (SD)b |
| Goals and planning (9 BCTs) | 4 | 5 | 1 | 3 | — | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | —c | — | 3 | 34 (20) | 2.62 (1.85) |
| Feedback and monitoring (7 BCTs) | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | — | — | 2 | 28 (17) | 2.15 (1.34) |
| Social support (3 BCTs) | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 11 (7) | 0.85 (0.69) |
| Shaping knowledge (4 BCTs) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
|
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 12 (7) | 0.92 (0.28) |
| Natural consequences (6 BCTs) | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | 5 (3) | 0.38 (0.51) |
| Comparison of behavior (3 BCTs) | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 5 (3) | 0.38 (0.51) |
| Associations (8 BCTs) | — | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | — | 12 (7) | 0.92 (0.76) |
| Repetition and substitution (7 BCTs) | 3 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | — | 2 | 2 | 3 | 30 (18) | 2.31 (1.25) |
| Comparison of outcomes (3 BCTs) | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | 6 (4) | 0.46 (0.52) |
| Reward and threat (11 BCTs) | 2 | — | — | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | 3 | 13 (8) | 1.00 (1.15) |
| Regulation (4 BCTs) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Antecedents (6 BCTs) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 10 (6) | 0.77 (0.83) |
| Identity (5 BCTs) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
|
| Scheduled consequences (10 BCTs) | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 (2) | 0.23 (0.44) |
| Self-belief (4 BCTs) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Covert learning (3 BCTs) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| BCTs per study, n (%)d | 21 (12) | 13 (8) | 14 (8) | 12 (7) | 7 (4) | 16 (9) | 13 (8) | 13 (8) | 17 (10) | 14 (8) | 6 (4) | 7 (4) | 16 (9) | 169 (100)e | 13.00 (4.30) |
aThe total number of BCTs used across all 13 interventions for each behavior change category. In the table, the number of BCTs in each study is represented by a number. Studies with absent BCTs in each behavior change category are marked with —.
bThe average number of BCTs used in each behavior change category across all 13 interventions and the SD of the mean number of BCTs used in each behavior change category.
cNot applicable.
dThe total number of BCTs used within each intervention and the percentage of BCTs each study used from the total number of BCTs across all studies.
eThe sum of the total number of BCTs used across all 16 behavior change categories and all 13 interventions.