Table 2.
Study eliminated | SMDa (95% CI) | P value (combined effect) | I2 (%) | P value (heterogeneity) | Model |
Acar et al [14], 2016 | 0.48 (0.07 to 0.89) | .02 | 58 | .03 | Random effects model |
Atasavun Uysal et al [24], 2016 | 0.55 (0.30 to 0.81) | .001 | 36 | .16 | Fixed effects model |
Jha et al [17], 2021 | 0.35 (–0.13 to 0.84) | .15 | 70 | .006 | Random effects model |
Sahin et al [20], 2020 | 0.30 (–0.19 to (0.79) | .23 | 68 | .009 | Random effects model |
Tarakci et al [23], 2016 | 0.34 (–0.13 to 0.82) | .16 | 70 | .006 | Random effects model |
Xu et al [26], 2019 | 0.29 (–0.18 to 0.77) | .23 | 67 | .01 | Random effects model |
Zhao et al [28], 2018 | 0.27 (–0.17 to 0.70) | .23 | 62 | .02 | Random effects model |
aSMD: standardized mean difference.