Skip to main content
. 2022 Nov 10;9:1038114. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1038114

TABLE 1.

Effect of Activin A on expression of genes involved in activin signaling.

Gene expression (TPM)

Gene (protein) Baseline Activin A
(24 h)
Activin A
(chronic)
Receptors ACTRIIA (ACVR2A) 12.3 12.0 12.5
ACTRIIB (ACVR2B) 14.3 13.5 13.0
ACVR1 (ALK2) 42.1 55.0 61.3
ACVR1B (ALK4) 34.0 37.8 37.7
ACVR1C (ALK7) 0.2 0.1 0.1
BMPR2 88.6 107.0 113.0
BMPR1A (ALK3) 85.0 85.0 86.0
BMPR1B (ALK6) 0.1 0.2 0.2
SMADs SMAD2 43.9 44.2 45.7
SMAD3 65.0 76.0 79.0
SMAD4 45.5 48.9 45.4
SMAD1 21.8 21.8 19.8
SMAD5 30.5 30.4 31.2
Ligands INHBA 19.8 16.5 24.6
INHBB 0.1 0.1 0.1
INHBC 0.1 0.2 0.1
GDF11 22.7 20.7 23.8
MSTN (GDF8) 0.1 0.1 0.1
TGF-β ligand TGF1 69.8 83.3 97.4
TGF2 17.5 14.8 17.4
TGF3 5.3 5.4 5.9

ActRII, activin receptor type 2; ACVR, activin A receptor type 2A; ALK2, activin receptor type 1; ALK3, activin receptor-like kinase; ALK4, activin receptor type 1B; ALK6, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B; ALK7, activin receptor type 1C; BMPR, bone morphogenic protein receptor; GDF8, growth differentiation factor 8; MSTN, myostatin; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TPM, transcripts per million.