TABLE 1.
Effect of Activin A on expression of genes involved in activin signaling.
| Gene expression (TPM) | ||||
|
|
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| Gene (protein) | Baseline | Activin A (24 h) |
Activin A (chronic) |
|
| Receptors | ACTRIIA (ACVR2A) | 12.3 | 12.0 | 12.5 |
| ACTRIIB (ACVR2B) | 14.3 | 13.5 | 13.0 | |
| ACVR1 (ALK2) | 42.1 | 55.0 | 61.3 | |
| ACVR1B (ALK4) | 34.0 | 37.8 | 37.7 | |
| ACVR1C (ALK7) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| BMPR2 | 88.6 | 107.0 | 113.0 | |
| BMPR1A (ALK3) | 85.0 | 85.0 | 86.0 | |
| BMPR1B (ALK6) | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| SMADs | SMAD2 | 43.9 | 44.2 | 45.7 |
| SMAD3 | 65.0 | 76.0 | 79.0 | |
| SMAD4 | 45.5 | 48.9 | 45.4 | |
| SMAD1 | 21.8 | 21.8 | 19.8 | |
| SMAD5 | 30.5 | 30.4 | 31.2 | |
| Ligands | INHBA | 19.8 | 16.5 | 24.6 |
| INHBB | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| INHBC | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |
| GDF11 | 22.7 | 20.7 | 23.8 | |
| MSTN (GDF8) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| TGF-β ligand | TGF-β1 | 69.8 | 83.3 | 97.4 |
| TGF-β2 | 17.5 | 14.8 | 17.4 | |
| TGF-β3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.9 | |
ActRII, activin receptor type 2; ACVR, activin A receptor type 2A; ALK2, activin receptor type 1; ALK3, activin receptor-like kinase; ALK4, activin receptor type 1B; ALK6, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B; ALK7, activin receptor type 1C; BMPR, bone morphogenic protein receptor; GDF8, growth differentiation factor 8; MSTN, myostatin; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TPM, transcripts per million.