Table 1.

Study characteristics

Study	Country	Case group			Control group*		NOS
		n	Age, M (range)	Men (%)	n	Type
Almasi et al (2009)e1	Hungary	194	43 (30–62)	80.9	194	Living†	5
Altindag et al (2005)e2	Turkey	26	24 (12–62)	15.4	25	Living	9
Anton-San-Martin et al (2013)e3	Spain	40	56 (19–90)	67.5	80	Living	7
Appleby et al (1999)e4	England	84	27 (13–34)	81.0	64	Living	6
Arafat et al (2021)e5‡	Bangladesh	100	26 (9–75)	49.0	100	Living	7
Beautrais (2001)e6‡	New Zealand	202	37 (14–88)	77.7	984	Living	7
Chachamovich et al (2015)e7	Canada	120	23	82.5	120	Living	4
Chen et al (2006)e8‡	China	150	39 (15–59)	64.0	150	Living	7
Cheng et al (2000)e9‡	Taiwan	113	NR	61.5	226	Living	8
de la Vega Sanchez et al (2020)e10	Spain	192	54	100	81	Deceased	4
De Leo et al (2013)e11‡	Australia	261	≥35	75.1	182	Deceased	6
Foster et al (1999)e12	Ireland	117	16–76	79.5	117	Living	7
Gururaj et al (2004)e13	India	269	75% 16–49	64.3	269	Living†	7
Jia et al (2014)e14‡	China	200	61 (11–93)	57.5	200	Living	7
Jollant et al (2014)e15	Philippines	15	15–64	73.3	30	Living	5
Khan et al (2008)e16	Pakistan	100	NR	83.0	100	Living	7
Kim et al (2003)e17‡	Canada	115	29 (18–65)	100	82	Living	8
Kodaka et al (2017)e18‡	Japan	102	≥20	69.6	334	Living	7
Kolves et al (2006)e19‡	Estonia	427	48	80.3	427	Living†	7
Kurihara et al (2009)e20	Indonesia	60	41 (13–87)	63.3	120	Living	9
Manoranjitham et al (2010)e21	India	100	42	59.0	100	Living	6
Martiello et al (2019)e22	Italy	91	≥25	80.2	270	Living	7
Morales & Martinez (2010)e23	Colombia	101	28	69.3	112	Deceased	7
Nicolas et al (2016)e24‡	Canada	42	37	50.0	42	Living	5
Overholser et al (2012)e25	United States	148	47	78.4	257	Deceased	4
Owens et al (2003)e26	England	100	≥18	67.0	100	Living	6
Page et al (2014)e27	Australia	84	18–34	84.5	250	Living	7
Palacio et al (2007)e28‡	Colombia	108	29 (19–43)	80.6	108	Deceased	6
Politakis et al (2017)e29	Slovenia	90	49	70.0	90	Living	4
Rasouli et al (2019)e30	Iran	40	39 (19–75)	80.0	40	Living†	7
Ross et al (2017)e31	Australia	126	25–44	100	68	Deceased	6
Schneider et al (2006)e32‡	Germany	163	50	64.4	396	Living†	6
Tong & Phillips (2010)e33‡	China	895	42 (12–94)	50.7	701	Deceased	5
Vijayakumar & Rajkumar (1999)e34	India	100	≥15	55.0	100	Living	7
Zhang et al (2004)e35‡	China	66	46	72.7	66	Living	5
Zhang et al 2010e36‡	China	392	27 (15–34)	54.6	416	Living	7
Zonda (2006)e37	Hungary	100	52	67.0	100	Deceased	7

Note. References are provided in online supplemental table S3.

*Matched with the case group for age and sex in all but five studies.^{e6,e10,e11,e25,e33}

†Control subjects acted as their own informants.

‡Multiple publications for this study.

NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score; NR, not reported.