Table 2. Comparison of Human Blood Serum for Creatinine Detection Using the Hybrid SnO2@Cu2O Nanostructured Electrode and Reference Methoda.
| sample | *standard method values (μM) | +proposed electrode method values (μM) | % RSD(n = 5) | ”% relative error | % average recovery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 75.6 | 79.5 | 2.5 | +4.9 | 100.2 |
| 2 | 58.5 | 61.6 | 2.2 | +5.3 | 99.5 |
| 3 | 70.7 | 67.8 | 3.0 | –4.1 | 101.1 |
| 4 | 94.3 | 97.2 | 3.3 | +2.9 | 97.4 |
| 5 | 106.1 | 104.2 | 3.1 | –1.7 | 98.6 |
| 6 | 83.8 | 88.4 | 3.7 | +5.2 | 96.3 |
a
*Represent the values obtained from a hospital clinical laborotory. + shows the values calculated using the proposed electrode (SnO2@Cu2O). ” % Relative error = [(Cre)]SnO2@Cu2O – [CreRef)/([Cre]Ref) × 100.