Fig. 1.
Change of coating formulation from FC-based to non-FC-based in PermaNet® 2.0 and corresponding decreased bioefficacy. A Decreased bioefficacy of PermaNet® 2.0 as presented in the original study [5], depicting the proportion of new and unused LLIN exhibiting ≥ 95% 60 min knockdown (KD60min) or ≥ 80% adjusted 24 h mortality (M24h) grouped by year of LLIN manufacture. Data is shown for individual years of manufacture on the left side and grouped by years 2007–2012 vs. years 2013–2019 on the right side. Data are presented as mean proportions and their exact 95% confidence intervals. B Corresponding polymer fluorine content as determined by combustion ion chromatography in the present study on n = 12 samples from the same LLIN batches as shown in A. Data are presented as means of n = 2 samples per year and the range. Data is shown for individual years of manufacture on the left side and grouped by years 2007–2012 (FC-coated) vs. years 2013–2019 (non-FC-coated) on the right side. Data for LLINs from before the coating formulation change (2007–2012) are shown as turquois circles. Data from LLINs manufactured after the coating formulation change (2013–2019) are shown as magenta crosses. X-axis applies to both panels A and B