Table 2.
Cotinine (ng/mL) and total nicotine and metabolite concentration (NM, nmol/mL) mean and 95% confidence interval for maternal and neonatal biological fluids according to maternal self-reported tobacco use (n = 73)
| Self-reported tobacco use | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No-tobacco n = 31 | Chewer n = 19 | Smoker n = 23 | |||||||
| n | Cotinine, ng/Ml mean (95% CI) | Total NM, nmol/mL mean (95% CI) | n | Cotinine, ng/mL mean (95% CI) | Total NM, nmol/mL mean (95% CI) | n | Cotinine, ng/mL mean (95% CI) | Total NM, nmol/mL mean (95% CI) | |
| Maternal blood, n = 61 | 28 | 42.06 (-23.42—107.54) | 0.44 (0.13—0.87)1 | 15 | 121.57 (25.65—217.49) | 0.90 (0.38—1.43)2 | 18 | 78.97 (30.47—127.46) | 0.73 (0.43—1.03)3 |
| Cord blood 5, n = 37 | 15 | 19.96 (-2.97—42.90) | 0.40 (0.19—0.61) | 10 | 510.29 (207.52—813.05) | 4.07 (1.81—6.34) | 12 | 306.37 (11.87—500.88) | 2.39 (1.08—3.70) |
| Vein cord blood, n = 26 | 12 | 35.25 (-22.82—93.31) | 0.48 (0.09—0.87) | 4 | 484.76 (-77.63—1047.15) | 3.33 (-0.34—7.00) | 10 | 398.71 (127.43—670.01) | 3.01 (1.25—4.77) |
| Artery cord blood, n = 18 | 7 | 10.05 (6.97—13.12) | 0.52 (0.04—0.99)4 | 3 | 1050.50 (-1066.84 -3167.84) | 6.71 (-6.00—19.42) | 8 | 264.22 (34.33—494.12) | 2.07 (0.52—3.61) |
| Unknown cord blood vessel, n = 11 | 3 | 9.97 (7.35—12.59) | 0.17 (0.03—0.30) | 6 | 425.51 (112.75–738.28) | 3.98 (0.71—7.26) | 2 | 77.00 (-780.76—934.77) | 0.70 (-4.93—6.32) |
| Amniotic fluid, n = 6 | 0 | - | - | 4 | 478.65 (176.89—780.42) | 6.74 (2.90—10.58) | 2 | 368.84 (-999.25—1736.93) | 4.29 (-7.05—15.62) |
| Maternal urine, n = 59 | 26 | 13.19 (11.86—14.52) | 0.43 (0.32—0.55) | 16 | 138.90 (63.69—214.11) | 4.30 (2.53—6.07) | 17 | 97.85 (39.01—156.70) | 3.30 (2.08—4.53) |
| Neonatal urine Day 1, n = 32 | 16 | 12.54 (11.96—13.12) | 0.62 (0.50- 0.74) | 8 | 26.58 (13.18—39.99) | 1.30 (0.57—2.04) | 8 | 26.54 (3.98—49.11) | 1.05 (0.62—1.48) |
| Neonatal urine Day 3, n = 20 | 13 | 12.30 (11.42—13.18) | 0.48 (0.37—0.58) | 4 | 28.93 (-2.00–59.86) | 0.69 (0.53—0.86) | 3 | 44.63 (-67.37—156.63) | 0.90 (0.50—1.30) |
| Breast milk, n = 396 | 19 | 3.05 (-1.31—7.41) | 0.06 (0.02—0.10) | 10 | 28.65 (3.33—53.97) | 0.31 (0.10—0.52) | 10 | 5.46 (1.10—9.82) | 0.06 (0.02—0.11) |
Analyte levels below level of detection
1Nicotine n = 3, Nornicotine n = 9, Nicotine-N-oxide n = 8
2Nornicotine n = 6; Nicotine-N-oxide n = 3
3Nornicotine n = 6
4Nicotine-N-oxide n = 3
5Cord blood value is the mean value of all cord blood samples per participant. 18 cord blood samples from 11 participants were not labelled with source vessel (i.e., arterial or venous). If more than 1 sample from each participant, then mean value of samples reported
6Breast milk: Nicotine n = 18, Nornicotine n = 17, Nicotine glucuronide n = 36, Nicotine-N-oxide n = 3