Table 8.
Intangible burden of diabetes illness by patient characteristics
| Variables | Intangible costs | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (n,%) | Moderate (n,%) | High (n,%) | ||
| Observations | 32 | 284 | 82 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 15 (46.9) | 168 (59.2) | 42 (51.2) | 0.23 |
| Female | 17 (53.1) | 116 (40.8) | 40 (48.8) | |
| Age | ||||
| 18-24 | 2 (6.3) | 10 (3.5) | 4 (4.9) | 0.46 |
| 25-34 | 0 (0.0) | 25 (8.8) | 11 (13.4) | |
| 35-44 | 6 (18.8) | 51 (17.9) | 12 (4.2) | |
| 45-54 | 10 (31.3) | 64 (22.5) | 14 (4.9) | |
| 55-64 | 8 (25.0) | 74 (26.1) | 25 (8.8) | |
| >=65 | 6 (18.8) | 60 (21.1) | 16 (5.6) | |
| Educational status | ||||
| No formal education | 15 (46.9) | 129 (45.4) | 23 (28.0) | 0.04* |
| Primary education | 5 (15.6) | 40 (14.1) | 23 (28.0) | |
| Secondary education | 6 (18.8) | 50 (17.6) | 19 (23.2) | |
| Higher education | 6 (18.8) | 65 (22.9) | 17 (20.7) | |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 17 (53.1) | 165 (58.1) | 50 (61.0) | 0.74 |
| Rural | 15 (46.9) | 119 (41.9) | 32 (39.0) | |
| Duration of illness in years | ||||
| 1-5 | 19 (59.4) | 184 (64.8) | 54 (65.9) | 0.77 |
| 6-10 | 12 (37.5) | 71 (25.0) | 20 (24.4) | |
| 11-15 | 0 (0.0) | 14 (4.9) | 3 (3.7) | |
| >15 | 1 (3.1) | 15 (5.3) | 5 (6.1) | |
| Presence of co-morbidity | ||||
| Yes | 20 (62.5) | 212 (74.6) | 59 (72.0) | 0.33 |
| No | 12 (37.5) | 72 (25.4) | 23 (28.0) | |
P-value: Chi-squared and Fisher Exact tests value, significant difference at P<0.05