Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of study participants, Ghana, 2022
| Variables & categories | Frequency (N = 1476) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age at booking (years), (mean ± SD) | 29.0 ± 6.0 | |
| < 20 | 74 | 5.0 |
| 20–35 | 1192 | 80.8 |
| > 35 | 210 | 14.2 |
| Marital status | ||
| Not married | 266 | 18.0 |
| Married | 1192 | 80.8 |
| Highest educational level | ||
| No formal education | 143 | 9.7 |
| Primary | 130 | 8.8 |
| JHS | 448 | 30.4 |
| SHS | 368 | 24.9 |
| Tertiary | 387 | 26.2 |
| Religion | ||
| Christians | 1174 | 79.5 |
| Islam | 287 | 19.4 |
| Others | 15 | 1.0 |
| Main occupation | ||
| Unemployed | 198 | 13.4 |
| Formal sector | 234 | 15.9 |
| Informal sector | 1044 | 70.7 |
| BMI category, median (IQR) | 26.4 (22.9, 30.1) | |
| < 18.5kgm2 | 39 | 2.6 |
| 18.5 to 24.9kgm2 | 530 | 35.9 |
| 25.0 to 29.9kgm2 | 531 | 36.0 |
| 30.0 to 34.9kgm2 | 262 | 17.8 |
| > 34.9kgm2 | 114 | 7.7 |
| Gravidity, median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) | |
| 1 pregnancy | 373 | 25.3 |
| 2–3 pregnancies | 678 | 46.0 |
| > 3 pregnancies | 424 | 28.7 |
| Parity, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | |
| No child | 522 | 35.4 |
| 1–2 children | 706 | 47.8 |
| > 2 Children | 248 | 16.8 |
| Number of ANC visits, mean ± SD | 5.1 ± 2.1 | |
| < 4 visits | 371 | 25.1 |
| 4 to7 visits | 935 | 63.3 |
| 8 + visits | 170 | 11.5 |
| Type of health facility | ||
| Regional hospital | 735 | 49.8 |
| District hospital | 741 | 50.2 |
| Region | ||
| Bono | 469 | 31.8 |
| Greater Accra | 592 | 40.1 |
| Upper West | 415 | 28.1 |
| Mode of delivery | ||
| SVD | 987 | 68.0 |
| CS | 465 | 32.0 |
| Birth attendant | ||
| Obstetrician/Physician | 439 | 30.0 |
| Midwife/Nurse | 1011 | 69.2 |
| Others (TBA/family member) | 12 | 0.8 |