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. 2022 Nov 10;13:1029818. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029818

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Copyright © 2022 Zouboulis, Coenye, He, Kabashima, Kobayashi, Niemann, Nomura, Oláh, Picardo, Quist, Sasano, Schneider, Törőcsik and Wong

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overview of the effects of the complex cannabinoid signaling on human sebocytes. Sebocytes are able to metabolize endocannabinoids, and express multiple cannabinoid responsive receptors that contribute to the regulation of several aspects of the biology of human sebaceous glands. Importantly, via releasing various cytokines/chemokines as well as controlling the local anti-inflammatory endocannabinoid tone, sebocytes may be capable of shaping cutaneous immune responses. Note that besides CBD, THCV, CBC, and CBDV could also suppress excessive sebaceous lipogenesis, whereas CBG and CBGV induced a moderate increase in the lipid synthesis, and all tested phytocannabinoids were shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol; A_2A, adenosine 2A receptor; AEA, anandamide; CBC, (-)-cannabichromene; CBD, (-)-cannabidiol; CBDV, (-)-cannabidivarin; CBG, (-)-cannabigerol; CBGV, (-)-cannabigerovarin; DAGL, diacylglycerol lipase; eCB, endocannabinoid; EMT, endocannabinoid membrane transporter; FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase; GPR, G protein-coupled receptor; IL, interleukin; MAGL, monoacylglycerol lipase; NAPE-PLD, N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D; OEA, oleoylethanolamide; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; THCV, (-)-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabivarin; TLR, toll-like receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TRPV, transient receptor potential ion channels, vanilloid subfamily; VDM11, a pharmacological inhibitor of EMT.