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PGC1-alpha is a key mediator of mitochondrial metabolism. Through coactivation of transcription factors, including PPAR-gamma, EER-alpha and NRF1, PGC1-alpha enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, uptake of fatty acids (FA) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). It suppresses NF-κB-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress. Importantly, proinflammatory signaling downregulates PGC1-alpha, resulting in decreased oxidative metabolism and increased oxidative stress.
