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PGC1-alpha signaling increases mitochondrial size and number through means of both enhanced biogenesis and decreased mitophagy. Co-activation of transcription factors NRF1 and EER-alpha increases the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins, including mitofusins-1 and 2, while the antioxidant effects of SOD2 and TRX1 co-activation decrease ROS-dependent mitophagy.
