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. 2022 Oct 25;11(11):2102. doi: 10.3390/antiox11112102

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Principal component analysis (PCA) plot of individuals and variables. An individual refers to a sampled bird per treatment while a variable is a biological parameter analyzed. The individuals have been colored according to the treatments (A), age (B), and solution injected (C). The variables have been colored based on their squared cosine (D). The PCA was executed in R using the package “FactoMineR”. Abbreviations: NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GPX1, glutathione peroxidase 1; AB, antioxidant balance; MDA, malondialdehyde; DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity; Dim1, dimension 1; Dim2, dimension 2.