Table 2.
Effects of in ovo feeding of α-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) on hatchability parameters of broilers *.
| Parameters | Treatments | Pooled SEM | p-Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U-CON | 0 AKG | 0.5 AKG | 1.0 AKG | 1.5 AKG | ANOVA 1 | Lin 2 | Quad 2 | ||
| Hatchability (%) # | 88.71 | 85.48 | 88.89 | 80 | 79.31 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Late EM (%) # | 6.45 | 11.29 | 9.52 | 7.27 | 6.9 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Live pipping (%) # | 1.61 | 3.23 | 1.59 | 9.09 | 6.9 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Dead pipping (%) # | 3.23 | 0 | 0 | 3.64 | 6.9 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Egg weight (g) | 54.2 | 54.3 | 54.2 | 54.2 | 54.3 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BW at hatch | 36.8 | 36.8 | 36.7 | 36.6 | 36.9 | 0.121 | 0.978 | 0.961 | 0.274 |
| CWEWR (%) | 69.1 | 70.0 | 69.4 | 69.7 | 68.8 | 0.368 | 0.883 | 0.42 | 0.922 |
* At 17.5 day of incubation, eggs were treated with nothing (U-CON) or injected with 0.6 mL AKG solution with a concentration of 0% (0 AKG), 0.5% (0.5 AKG), 1.0% (1.0 AKG), and 1.5% (1.5 AKG). 1, p value of all the treatment groups. 2, p value of all the treatment groups except the U-CON. # All the values are calculated on fertile egg basis. Data are presented as mean (n = 6) and pooled SEM values. Abbreviations: EM, embryonic mortality; CWEWR, chick-weight-to-egg-weight ratio; Lin, linear effect; Quad, quadratic effect.