Table 3.
Effects of different evaporative cooling regimens and the use or absence of PE on the respiratory rate (RR), surface temperature (ST), and rectal temperature (RT) of lactating Holstein cows (n = 8).
| Item | CT | PE | Time | p Value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R5 | R10 | R5 | R10 | 08:00 | 14:00 | 20:00 | SEM | Time | Adit | Cool | Adit × Cool | |
| RR mov./min. | 59.0 | 61.0 | 54.2 | 58.3 | 62.3 | 58.9 | 53.3 | 0.77 | <0.0001 | 0.0748 | 0.1410 | 0.5942 |
| ST, °C | 32.8 a | 32.9 a | 30.4 b | 32.1 a | 34.2 | 30.9 | 31.0 | 0.19 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0028 | 0.0076 |
| RT, °C | 38.4 | 38.6 | 38.4 | 38.3 | 38.3 | 38.5 | 38.5 | 0.06 | 0.3171 | 0.1635 | 0.6825 | 0.3334 |
CT = Control treatment; PE = pepper extract; R5 = sprinkler cycles of 30 s on and 4.5 min off; R10 = sprinkler cycles of 30 s on and 9.5 min off (R10); SEM = standard error of mean; Adit = use of PE as additive; Cool = evaporative cooling regimens; Adit × Clim = interaction between cooling regimens and PE.