Table 5.
Effects of different cooling regimens and the use or absence of PE on the behavior of lactating Holstein cows (n = 8).
| Behavior (min/h) | CT | PE | p Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R5 | R10 | R5 | R10 | SEM | Adit | Cool | Adit × Cool | |
| Standing | 24.0 | 23.7 | 28.0 | 26.9 | 0.80 | 0.0666 | 0.7072 | 0.8271 |
| Lying down | 31.5 | 31.3 | 27.5 | 28.6 | 0.94 | 0.0837 | 0.8206 | 0.7474 |
| Idle | 10.3 | 13.3 | 9.85 | 9.63 | 0.88 | 0.1689 | 0.3350 | 0.2666 |
| Ruminating, min/day * | 542.2 | 541.4 | 500.3 | 535.2 | 6.03 | 0.1888 | 0.3412 | 0.3223 |
| Walking | 2.48 | 3.94 | 4.09 | 3.36 | 0.32 | 0.4294 | 0.5781 | 0.1010 |
| Eating | 13.9 | 11.9 | 16.5 | 16.3 | 0.68 | 0.0375 | 0.5118 | 0.5854 |
| Drinking | 2.88 | 2.96 | 1.90 | 2.56 | 0.67 | 0.2831 | 0.5608 | 0.6466 |
| Cows location | ||||||||
| At the feed bunk | 15.5 | 14.6 | 20.2 | 17.9 | 0.65 | 0.0134 | 0.2921 | 0.6465 |
| At the bed | 40.0 | 40.4 | 34.7 | 36.7 | 1.06 | 0.0192 | 0.5090 | 0.6686 |
CT = control treatment; PE = pepper extract; R5 = sprinkler cycles of 30 s on and 4.5 min off; R10 = sprinkler cycles of 30 s on and 9.5 min off (R10); SEM = standard error of mean; Adit = use of PE as additive; Cool = evaporative cooling regimens; Adit × Clim = interaction between cooling regimens and PE; * counted as a visit only when the cow spent more than 30 s on the feed bunk; * daily mean time recorded by collar.