Table 5.
Main effect of amaranth feeding, enzyme addition and interaction between amaranth feeding and enzyme addition on serum biochemical parameters of laying hens.
| Antioxidant Indices Plasma | Lipid Profile Plasma (mg dL−1) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Items | TAC 1 (U mL−1) |
MDA 2 (nmol mL −1) |
ALT 3 (U L−1) |
AST 4 (U L−1) |
TG 5 | TC 6 | LDL 7 | HDL 8 | AI 9 |
| Amaranth Grain (AG), (g/kg) | |||||||||
| 0 | 6.20 b | 4.84 | 5.30 a | 215.6 a | 96.39 a | 105.86 a | 97.80 a | 40.38 b | 2.42 a |
| 100 | 6.44 a | 5.24 | 4.82 ab | 213.2 ab | 92.36 b | 98.41 b | 95.55 b | 49.87 a | 2.23 b |
| 200 | 6.49 a | 5.26 | 4.69 ab | 212.0 b | 91.52 b | 97.55 bc | 95.69 b | 50.22 a | 2.24 b |
| 300 | 6.46 a | 5.03 | 4.65 b | 213.3 ab | 90.96 b | 96.45 c | 94.57 b | 51.68 a | 2.18 c |
| 400 | 6.49 a | 4.99 | 4.69 ab | 213.0 ab | 90.33 b | 96.10 c | 94.66 b | 50.50 a | 2.40 a |
| SEM | 0.076 | 0.204 | 0.205 | 1.112 | 1.190 | 0.655 | 0.565 | 0.626 | 0.010 |
| p-value | 0.04 | 0.58 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.0001 | 0.002 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| p-value | |||||||||
| Contrasts | 0.001 | 0.22 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Linear | 0.01 | 0.89 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Quadratic | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.001 | 0.11 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Enzyme (±E), (g/kg) | |||||||||
| 0 (−E) | 6.39 | 5.08 | 4.87 | 213.61 | 91.83 | 99.52 | 95.85 | 48.19 | 2.23 b |
| 0.25 (+E) | 6.44 | 5.06 | 4.79 | 213.31 | 92.80 | 98.23 | 95.45 | 48.87 | 2.35 a |
| SEM | 0.048 | 0.129 | 0.130 | 0.703 | 0.752 | 0.414 | 0.357 | 0.396 | 0.0001 |
| p-value | 0.49 | 0.99 | 0.68 | 0.77 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.24 | 0.004 |
| Interactions effect (AG × E) | |||||||||
| T1: 0 × 0 | 6.17 | 4.79 | 5.45 | 216.36 | 93.06 | 106.73 a | 98.55 a | 40.23 b | 2.45 b |
| T2: 100 × 0 | 6.43 | 5.65 | 4.90 | 213.02 | 92.58 | 99.18 b | 95.70 b | 49.42 a | 2.18 e |
| T3: 200 × 0 | 6.48 | 5.18 | 4.71 | 211.95 | 91.33 | 98.58 bc | 95.73 b | 50.22 a | 2.19 e |
| T4: 300 × 0 | 6.43 | 4.91 | 4.67 | 213.62 | 91.44 | 97.24 bcd | 94.49 b | 51.64 a | 2.07 f |
| T5: 400 × 0 | 6.46 | 4.88 | 4.61 | 213.10 | 90.73 | 95.87 cd | 94.80 b | 50.45 a | 2.29 d |
| T6: 0 × 0.25 | 6.23 | 4.90 | 5.15 | 214.89 | 99.73 | 104.98 a | 97.05 ab | 40.53 b | 2.39 c |
| T7: 100 × 0.25 | 6.46 | 4.83 | 4.74 | 213.55 | 92.14 | 97.65 bcd | 95.70 b | 50.33 a | 2.29 d |
| T8: 200 × 0.25 | 6.50 | 5.34 | 4.67 | 212.05 | 91.72 | 96.52 bcd | 95.65 b | 50.22 a | 2.30 d |
| T9: 300 × 0.25 | 6.49 | 5.16 | 4.63 | 213.10 | 90.48 | 95.67 d | 94.65 b | 51.72 a | 2.30 d |
| T10: 400 × 0.25 | 6.53 | 5.10 | 4.77 | 212.97 | 89.93 | 95.87 cd | 94.53 b | 51.56 a | 2.50 a |
| SEM | 0.107 | 0.289 | 0.290 | 1.573 | 1.682 | 1.161 | 0.800 | 0.886 | 0.014 |
| p-value | 0.99 | 0.32 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.001 |
a–f Means within each column with different superscripts differ (p < 0.05). T1: 0 AG-E, T2: 100 AG-E, T3: 200 AG-E, T4: 300 AG-E, T5: 400 AG-E, T6: 0 AG + E, T7: 100 AG + E, T8: 200 AG + E, T9: 300 AG + E, T10: 400 AG + E; 1 TAC: total antioxidant capacity, 2 MDA: malondialdehyde, 3 ALT: alanine aminotransferase, 4 AST: aspartate aminotransferase, 5 TG: triglyceride, 6 TC: total cholesterol, 7 LDL: low-density lipoprotein, 8 HDL: high-density lipoprotein, 9 AI: atherogenic index (LDL/HDL).