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. 2022 Nov 12;11(11):2235. doi: 10.3390/antiox11112235

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) production and detoxification. H₂S is produced from L-cysteine with or without homocysteine by cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) in the cytosol and from 3-mercaptopyruvate (3MP) by 3-mercapto-sulfurtransferase (3-MST) in mitochondria. The detoxification is catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) and subsequently by thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST) or ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 protein (ETHE1). This process takes place in the mitochondria. Cysteine aminotransferase (CAT); D-amino acid oxidase (DAO); electron (e⁻), coenzyme Q (CoQ); glutathione persulfide (GSSH); thiosulfate (SSO₃²⁻); sulfite (SO₃²⁻); glutathione (GSH); ammonia (NH₃).