Table 1.
In vitro activity of naringenin and naringin against Gram-negative bacteria.
| Strain | Activity of Naringenin | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| P. aeruginosa c.i. | 128 µg/mL | [86] |
| E. coli ATCC 8739 | 1000 µg/mL | [87] |
| E. coli ATCC 11775 | 1000 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori ATCC43504 | 80 µg/mL | [82] |
| H. pylori NCTC11637 | 40 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori NCTC11638 | 40 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori 82516 c.i.g | 40 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori 82548 c.i.g | 40 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori 4 c.i.g | 100 µg/mL | |
| E. coli ATCC 25922 | 1000 µg/mL | [65] |
| E. cloacae DMST 21394 | >512 µg/mL | [88] |
| E. cloacae DMST 21549 | >512 µg/mL | |
| E. cloacae DMST 19719 | >512 µg/mL | |
| E. coli ATCC 25922 | >512 µg/mL | |
| K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 | 0.5–1 µg/mL | [89] |
| H. pylori ATCC 43504 | 100 µg/mL | [90] |
| H. pylori ATCC 51932 | 100 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori OX.22 c.i. | 100 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori OX. 63 c.i. | 100 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori OX.64 c.i. | 100 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori OX.67 c.i. | 100 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori OX.83 c.i. | 100 µg/mL | |
| Bacteroides galacturonicus DSM 3978 | 250 µg/mL | [91] |
| Escherichia coli DSM 1116 | >250 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori ATCC 43 504 | 100 µg/mL | [92] |
| E. coli ATCC 31030 | 550 µg/mL | [79] |
| P. mirabilis ATCC 25933 | 550 µg/mL | |
| P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 | 500 µg/mL | |
| S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B(S-3) | 600 µg/mL | |
| S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi D(S-58) | 400 µg/mL | |
| S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 | 600 µg/mL | |
| S. sonnei D1, L1, S2 ATCC 9290 | 450 µg/mL | |
| S. marcescens ATCC 11105 | 500 µg/mL | |
| S. boydii C2, L1, S2 ATCC 8700 | 100 µg/mL | |
| S. marcescens ATCC 27117 | 400 µg/mL | [93] |
| E. coli ATCC 25922 | >2000 µg/mL | [94] |
| K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 | 2000 µg/mL | |
| P. mirabilis ATCC 43071 | 2000 µg/mL | |
| P. aeruginosa ATCC 27857 | >2000 µg/mL | |
| S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 | >2000 µg/mL | |
| E. coli MTCC 1652 | 12.5 µg/mL | [95] |
| P. aeruginosa MTCC 424 | 23.5 µg/mL | |
| E. coli K-12 MG1655 | 800 µg/mL | [96] |
| S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 | 1000 µg/mL | |
| P. putida ATCC 795 | 1000 µg/mL | |
| S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 | 250 µg/mL | [97] |
| E. coli 916 c.i.g | 125 µg/mL | [98] |
| S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium 450 c.i.g | 125 µg/mL | |
| E. coli ATCC 25922 | 400 µg/mL | [99] |
| Strain | Activity of Naringin | Reference |
| P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 | 1000 µg/mL | [87] |
| H. pylori ATCC43504 | >100 µg/mL | [82] |
| H. pylori NCTC11637 | >100 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori NCTC11638 | >100 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori 82516 c.i.g | >100 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori 82548 c.i.g | >100 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori 4 c.i.g | >100 µg/mL | |
| H. pylori ATCC 43 504 | >100 µg/mL | [92] |
| E. coli c.i. | 500 µg/mL | [100] |
| P. aeruginosa c.i. | 500 µg/mL | |
| E. coli ATCC 31030 | 900 µg/mL | [93] |
| P. mirabilis ATCC 25933 | 700 µg/mL | |
| P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 | 600 µg/mL | |
| S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 | 800 µg/mL | |
| S. marcescens ATCC 27117 | 600 µg/mL | |
| E. coli ATCC 25922 | >2000 µg/mL | [101] |
| E. coli K-12 MG1655 | >1000 µg/mL | [96] |
| S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 | >1000 µg/mL | |
| P. putida ATCC 795 | >1000 µg/mL |
Legend: c.i.—clinical isolates; c.i.g—clinical isolates from gastroscopic samples; OX—clinical isolates obtained from the Microbiology Lab at OUCRU (Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) from patients with duodenal and stomach ulcers.