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. 2022 Nov 7;11(11):2202. doi: 10.3390/antiox11112202

Figure 4.

Figure 4

A schematic representation of the signaling mechanism of apoptosis-related molecules. IR induces DNA damage, leading to abnormal expression of mitochondria-related proteins, or directly regulates apoptosis-related genes, thereby promoting DNA damage repair and inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis, ultimately causing the occurrence of radioresistance. Abbreviations: SSB/DSB—single-strand breaks/double-strand breaks, ATM—ataxia–telangiectasia-mutated protein, PIDD—p53-induced death-domain-containing protein, Chk2—checkpoint kinase 2, NF-κB—nuclear factor-κB, RAIDD—receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-associated ICH-1/CED-3-homologous protein with a death domain, ARTS—apoptosis-related proteins in the TGF-β signaling pathway, STAT3—signal transducer and transcriptional activator 3, WISP1—Wnt1-inducible-signaling protein 1, JmjC-KDMs—Jumonji C domain histone lysine demethylases.