Table 2.

Synthetic AMPs with in vitro anti-Cryptosporidium activity.

AMP Name	Type	Evaluated Concentrations	Cytotoxicity	Activity and Possible Mechanisms of Action
Buforin II [85]	α-Helical	20 μM	None in A549 cells.	Reduces sporozoites viability. Cell membrane Disruption
Ranalexin [84]	Cationic	64 µg/mL	Non in A549 cells.	Sporozoites growth suppression. Cell membrane Disruption
Ranalexin, Magainin II. Indolicidin [82]	Cationic, helix and tridecapeptide	50 mM	Non in A549 cells	Sporozoites growth suppression. Cell membrane damage by synergic effect between peptide and lipophilic antibiotics
Shiva-10 [89]	Lytic peptide	10 µM	ND	Reduces sporozoite viability. Membrane lytic effect
Cecropin P1, magainin II, ranalexin, and indolicidin [83]	Cationic peptides	50 μM	ND	Reduction in the proliferation of schizonts. Inhibition of Na/H and Na/Ca2 exchanges in the cell membrane
KFFKFFKFF and IKFLKFLKFL [81]	Cationic peptides	100 µg/mL	ND	Reduction in the viability of sporozoites. Cell membrane disruption
SMAP-29, BMAP-28, PG-1, Bac-7 [80]	Helical peptides	100 μg/mL	ND	Strong cytotoxic effect on sporozoites. Alterations in the glycoprotein of the apical complex
Indolicidin, Magainin II, Ranalexin [79]	Cathionic peptides	50 μM	ND	Reduction in merozoites proliferation
Octaarginine-6-FAM-Nitazoanide combination [86]	Cathionic peptides	197 nM	No cytotoxic effects in human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cells	Reduction in trophozoites and meronts replication
Lactoferrin B, cathelicidin LL3, indolicidin, βdefens1in, ß defensin 2. [90]	Cathionic peptides		10 µg/mL	Low cytotoxic effect in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells	Inhibition of sporozoites attachment and invasion. Transmembrane pore formation
Buforin II, Magainin II, Lasalocid. [78]	Cathionic peptides		10 µg/mL	ND	Reduction in oocysts infectivity. Membrane disruption

ND: Not determined. IC₅₀ values were not established.