| NS | nutrient solution |
| ACO2 | net assimilation rate of CO2 |
| E | transpiration |
| Gs | stomatal conductance |
| HPLC-DAD | high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection |
| DPPH | (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) |
| ABTS | (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) |
| FRAP | (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) |
| UHPLC | ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography |
| HRMS | high resolution mass spectrometry |