Table 1.

ABTS, reducing power, and DPPH were used to test the ROS reduce abilities in various astaxanthin. Three types of astaxanthin: Sigma-Aldrich Co., Burlington, MA, USA; extracted astaxanthin; and algae.

Concentration (µg/mL)		Antioxidant Capacity of Astaxanthin
		ABTS (%)	DPPH (%)	Reducing Power (Absorbance at 700 nm)
Positive control a,b,c		93.4 ± 0.003	88.14 ± 0.008	0.66 ± 0.012
Standard astaxanthin (Sigma-Aldrich)	0.05	25.10 ± 020	24.20 ± 0.001	0.107 ± 0.001
	0.1	39.54 ± 0.006	32.21 ± 0.005	0.109 ± 0.002
	1	55.10 ± 0.0033	40.23 ± 0.003	0.122 ± 0.005
Extracted astaxanthin crystals	0.05	32.68 ± 0.034	30.22 ± 0.035	0.109 ± 0.002
	0.1	47.42 ± 0.028	42.30 ± 0.006	0.112 ± 0.006
	1	60.31 ± 0.06	60.23 ± 0.012	0.223 ± 0.005
Algae astaxanthin	0.05	26.86 ± 0.006	25.04 ± 0.002	0.109 ± 0.003
	0.1	40.21 ± 0.017	38.11 ± 0.014	0.108 ± 0.002
	1	51.08 ± 0.023	43.68 ± 0.002	0.133 ± 0.001

^a. Vitamin C was used as a positive control on ABTS at 2 mM. ^b. Vitamin C was used as a positive control on the DPPH assay at 10 mM. ^c. BHA was used as a positive control on reducing power at 10 mM.