Table 3.

Clinical observations of rats receiving astaxanthin over a 13-week period.

Gender	Clinical Signs	Incidence (n’/n’) 1
		Vehicle Control 0 mg/kg/day	Low-Dose 6 mg/kg/day	Mid-Dose 12 mg/kg/day	High-Dose 24 mg/kg/day
		n = 10	n = 10	n = 10	n = 10
Male	Chromodacryorrhea	0/10	0/10	0/10	1/10
Female	Hair loss	1/10	0/10	4/10	1/10
	Wound, skin	0/10	1/10	2/10	1/10

¹ Total number of animals with observable sign/total number of animals examined.