Table 2.
Antibiotics prescribed, their mechanism of action, and common infections treated in the surveyed hospitals.
| Variable and n | Infection/Antibiotics Prescribed | Frequency, n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis, n = 307 | CNS | 9 (2.9) |
| CVS | 6 (2.0) | |
| ENT | 17 (5.5) | |
| GI | 23 (7.5) | |
| OBGY | 38 (12.4) | |
| Pneu | 36 (11.7) | |
| Sepsis | 13 (4.2) | |
| Other | 165 (53.7) | |
| Antibiotic (ATC code/and AWaRe classification) and Mode of action, n = 534 | Access | |
| J01CA04 (Amoxicillin)—Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis | 27 (5.1) | |
| J01CE01(Benzyl Penicillin)—Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis | 43 (8.1) | |
| J01CF02 (Cloxacillin)—Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis | 29 (5.4) | |
| J01GB03 (Gentamicin)—Bactericidal; interferes with bacterial protein synthesis | 25 (4.7) | |
| P01AB01 (Metronidazole)—Bactericidal; disrupts bacterial DNA synthesis | 58 (10.9) | |
| Watch | ||
| J01DD01 (Cefotaxime)—Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis | 70 (13.1) | |
| J01DD04 (Ceftriaxone)—Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis | 193 (36.1) | |
| JO1MA02 (Ciprofloxacin)—Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase enzyme | 30 (5.6) | |
| Others * | 59 (11.1) | |
| Parenteral type, n = 307 | IM | 4 (1.3) |
| IV—Bolus | 205 (66.8) | |
| IV—Continuous (via a catheter) | 29 (9.4) | |
| Other | 69 (22.5) |
Key: CNS: central nervous system; CVS: cardiovascular system; ENT: ear nose throat; GI: gastrointestinal, OBGY: obstetrics and gynecology; Pneu: pneumonia. * Other antibiotics prescribed included ampicillin (bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis), azithromycin (bactericidal; interferes with bacterial protein synthesis), co-trimoxazole (bactericidal; interferes with bacterial protein synthesis), erythromycin (bactericidal; interferes with bacterial protein synthesis), meropenem (bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis), nitrofurantoin (bactericidal; disrupts bacterial DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis), and penicillin-V (bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis). IM: intramuscular; IV: intravenous.