Table 1.

Summary of the biomarkers [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17] present in TBI conditions, PTSD and CTE.

Biomarker	Condition	Findings
GFAP	TBI	Excellent indicator of TBI as well as abnormal CT or MRI findings [7,8].
UCH-L1	TBI	Very good early predictor of TBI and abnormal CT findings, [8].
MAP-2	TBI	Early levels have limited predictive ability of abnormal CT results but good predictive ability of early mortality[5]
NF-L	TBI	Good indicator of TBI and abnormal CT findings [6].
Total tau	TBI	Decent indicator of abnormal CT findings [9].
S100B	TBI	Not specific to TBI and not indicative of abnormal CT [8].
Aβ42	TBI	Decent indicator of mTBI but not correlated with post-concussive or behavioral symptoms [10].
NSE	TBI	Good indicator of TBI but not directly correlated with TBI severity [11,12].
CRP	TBI	Non-specific to TBI, but good predictor of 6-month neurological outcome after TBI [13,14]
IL-6	TBI and PTSD	Correlated with number of previous TBIs and with PTSD symptoms in people with repetitive TBIs[15]
Cortisol	PTSD	Levels, not correlated with either TBI/PTSD/CTE, significantly correlated with a history of trauma[16]
CCL11	CTE	Limited evidence of strong differentiation between CTE subjects and non-CTE subjects, but not associated with CTE severity [17].