Table 1.
Descriptive and bivariate analyses of the past-month e-cigarette use characteristics by sociodemographic characteristics, the likelihood of contracting COVID-19, social interaction, mental health symptoms, and substance use (N = 5065).
| Overall Sample | No Use | Once to Several Times per Month [OSTPM] | Once to Several Times per Week [OSTPW] | Every Day to Several Times per Day [ESTPD] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p-Value | |
| Overall | 4017 (79.31) | 363 (7.17) | 352 (6.95) | 333 (6.57) | ||
| Age Groups | <0.001 | |||||
| 18–25 | 978 (30.95) | 697 (71.27) | 95 (9.71) | 111 (11.35) | 75 (7.67) | |
| 26–34 | 699 (22.12) | 555 (79.40) | 39 (5.58) | 52 (7.44) | 53 (7.58) | |
| 35–49 | 1140 (36.08) | 1053 (92.37) | 24 (2.11) | 22 (1.93) | 41 (3.60) | |
| ≥50 | 343 (10.85) | 332 (96.79) | 3 (0.87) | 3 (0.87) | 5 (1.46) | |
| Gender Identity | <0.001 | |||||
| Man | 1783 (35.24) | 1293 (72.52) | 160 (8.97) | 176 (9.87) | 154 (8.64) | |
| Non-Binary | 49 (0.97) | 37 (75.51) | 4 (8.16) | 3 (6.12) | 5 (10.20) | |
| Transgender/Else | 42 (0.83) | 26 (61.90) | 5 (11.90) | 5 (11.90) | 6 (14.29) | |
| Woman | 3186 (62.96) | 2657 (83.40) | 194 (6.09) | 167 (5.24) | 168 (5.27) | |
| Sexual Orientation | 0.020 | |||||
| Bisexual | 297 (5.90) | 217 (73.06) | 32 (10.77) | 24 (8.08) | 24 (8.08) | |
| Else | 64 (1.27) | 53 (82.81) | 4 (6.25) | 2 (3.12) | 5 (7.81) | |
| Gay | 89 (1.77) | 66 (74.16) | 5 (5.62) | 9 (10.11) | 9 (10.11) | |
| Heterosexual | 4492 (89.18) | 3594 (80.01) | 308 (6.86) | 305 (6.79) | 285 (6.34) | |
| Lesbian | 95 (1.89) | 67 (70.53) | 14 (14.74) | 6 (6.32) | 8 (8.42) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.001 | |||||
| Asian | 537 (10.60) | 471 (87.71) | 32 (5.96) | 22 (4.10) | 12 (2.23) | |
| Black/African American | 1279 (25.25) | 974 (76.15) | 113 (8.84) | 113 (8.84) | 79 (6.18) | |
| Latino/Hispanic | 948 (18.72) | 748 (78.90) | 84 (8.86) | 67 (7.07) | 49 (5.17) | |
| Other | 207 (4.09) | 150 (72.46) | 20 (9.66) | 20 (9.66) | 17 (8.21) | |
| White | 2094 (41.34) | 1674 (79.94) | 114 (5.44) | 130 (6.21) | 176 (8.40) | |
| Level of Education Completed | <0.001 | |||||
| Less than High School | 290 (5.73) | 200 (68.97) | 42 (14.48) | 25 (8.62) | 23 (7.93) | |
| High School Diploma/GED | 1186 (23.45) | 925 (77.99) | 90 (7.59) | 74 (6.24) | 97 (8.18) | |
| Some College/Vocational/Technical School | 1664 (32.90) | 1360 (81.73) | 110 (6.61) | 86 (5.17) | 108 (6.49) | |
| College/Higher Degree | 1918 (37.92) | 1529 (79.72) | 119 (6.20) | 165 (8.60) | 105 (5.47) | |
| Marital Status | <0.001 | |||||
| Divorced/Widowed/Separated | 782 (15.49) | 658 (84.14) | 41 (5.24) | 41 (5.24) | 42 (5.37) | |
| Married/Living with a Partner | 2706 (53.61) | 2103 (77.72) | 194 (7.17) | 223 (8.24) | 186 (6.87) | |
| Never been married | 1560 (30.90) | 1242 (79.62) | 127 (8.14) | 87 (5.58) | 104 (6.67) | |
| Annual Household Income | 0.194 | |||||
| <$25,000 | 1236 (24.64) | 995 (80.50) | 97 (7.85) | 62 (5.02) | 82 (6.63) | |
| From $25,000 to <$35,000 | 786 (15.67) | 625 (79.52) | 55 (7.00) | 57 (7.25) | 49 (6.23) | |
| From $35,000 to <$50,000 | 784 (15.63) | 630 (80.36) | 53 (6.76) | 53 (6.76) | 48 (6.12) | |
| From $50,000 to <$75,000 | 943 (18.80) | 739 (78.37) | 65 (6.89) | 66 (7.00) | 73 (7.74) | |
| ≥$75,000 | 1268 (25.27) | 998 (78.71) | 89 (7.02) | 107 (8.44) | 74 (5.84) | |
| Likelihood of Contracting COVID-19 Status | 0.002 | |||||
| Not at all likely | 1605 (31.74) | 1316 (81.99) | 86 (5.36) | 107 (6.67) | 96 (5.98) | |
| Likely | 3451 (68.26) | 2694 (78.06) | 276 (8.00) | 244 (7.07) | 237 (6.87) | |
| Social Interaction During Compared to Before the COVID-19 Pandemic | <0.001 | |||||
| More than before | 632 (12.49) | 387 (61.23) | 92 (14.56) | 77 (12.18) | 76 (12.03) | |
| Same as before | 2186 (43.20) | 1748 (79.96) | 158 (7.23) | 154 (7.04) | 126 (5.76) | |
| Less than before | 2242 (44.31) | 1878 (83.76) | 112 (5.00) | 121 (5.40) | 131 (5.84) | |
| Social Distancing Stress | <0.001 | |||||
| Not at all stressful | 1582 (31.28) | 1407 (88.94) | 53 (3.35) | 51 (3.22) | 71 (4.49) | |
| Stressful | 3476 (68.72) | 2605 (74.94) | 309 (8.89) | 301 (8.66) | 261 (7.51) | |
| Perceived General Mental Health Status | 0.015 | |||||
| Excellent/Good | 3763 (74.84) | 3009 (79.96) | 262 (6.96) | 267 (7.10) | 225 (5.98) | |
| Fair/Poor | 1265 (25.16) | 980 (77.47) | 98 (7.75) | 81 (6.40) | 106 (8.38) | |
| Anxiety/Depression | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3383 (66.82) | 2897 (85.63) | 172 (5.08) | 169 (5.00) | 145 (4.29) | |
| Yes | 1680 (33.18) | 1118 (66.55) | 191 (11.37) | 183 (10.89) | 188 (11.19) | |
| Past-Month Alcohol Use Frequency | <0.001 | |||||
| No use | 2125 (42.14) | 1962 (92.33) | 64 (3.01) | 33 (1.55) | 66 (3.11) | |
| Once to several times per month | 1550 (30.74) | 1156 (74.58) | 193 (12.45) | 119 (7.68) | 82 (5.29) | |
| Once to several times per week | 1071 (21.24) | 707 (66.01) | 78 (7.28) | 172 (16.06) | 114 (10.64) | |
| Every day to several times per day | 297 (5.89) | 177 (59.60) | 26 (8.75) | 25 (8.42) | 69 (23.23) | |
| Past Month Cannabis use Frequency | <0.001 | |||||
| No use | 3764 (74.89) | 3415 (90.73) | 128 (3.40) | 97 (2.58) | 124 (3.29) | |
| Once to several times per month | 460 (9.15) | 216 (46.96) | 122 (26.52) | 82 (17.83) | 40 (8.70) | |
| Once to several times per week | 333 (6.63) | 104 (31.23) | 65 (19.52) | 117 (35.14) | 47 (14.11) | |
| Every day to several times per day | 469 (9.33) | 258 (55.01) | 42 (8.96) | 50 (10.66) | 119 (25.37) |
Statistical significance at p < 0.05. All p-values are based on Chi-square tests for the categorical variables. Differences in frequencies in categories may be due to missing data.