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. 2022 Nov 11;9(11):679. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9110679

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Differentiation properties of MC3T3 cells as cultured on the piezoelectric scaffolds. The following osteogenic gene markers were quantified: (a) Col 1 (b) ALP (c) OCN, (d) OPN, and (e) Runx 2 and expressed as fold change with respect to the control; 3 MHz US was used per the routine for all the differentiation assays. * means statistically significant (p < 0.05) with respect to the control (PCL) in the same group. # means statistically significant (p < 0.05) with respect to the fold changes of the same specimen in the “after 3 days” group.

Differentiation properties of MC3T3 cells as cultured on the piezoelectric scaffolds. The following osteogenic gene markers were quantified: (a) Col 1 (b) ALP (c) OCN, (d) OPN, and (e) Runx 2 and expressed as fold change with respect to the control; 3 MHz US was used per the routine for all the differentiation assays. * means statistically significant (p < 0.05) with respect to the control (PCL) in the same group. # means statistically significant (p < 0.05) with respect to the fold changes of the same specimen in the “after 3 days” group.