Figure 4.

Mucin substrate-enhances A. xylosoxidans bacterial adhesion and reduced biomass occurred after a three-hour treatment challenge. Porcine mucin (Type IV)-coated plates were used to monitor bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation. Briefly, diluted bacterial cultures were added to mucin-coated wells at an OD₆₀₀ 0.1 ± 0.02 for 48 h. Wells were washed with 1 × PBS. Treatments prepared in 1 × PBS were added for three hours. Wells were washed three times before heat fixing in a dry oven at 65 °C for one hour. Wells were stained with 0.1% (w/v) crystal violet for 24 h and de-stained with citrate buffer for one hour prior to absorbance being read at 595 nm. Biomass was quantified against a normalised, untreated control and displayed as “% biofilm biomass”. Strains shown are (a) ATCC 27061 and (b) AX 4365. (*) indicates the results are statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) (*) based on unpaired Student’s t-tests (with Welch’s correction). Significance was only displayed if CT was significant compared with untreated controls and both individual components of CT. Experiments were performed in biological triplicate (n = 3).