AGEs	Advanced glycation end-products
Akt	Protein kinase B
AMP	Adenosine monophosphate
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
cAMP	3′,5′-cyclic AMP
DPP4	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FAERS	FDA advance event reporting system
FDA	Food and drug administration
GIP	GIP receptor
GIP	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/Gastric inhibitory peptide
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide 1
GLP-1R	GLP-1 receptor
IGF-1R	IGF-1 receptor
IGF-BP3	Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3
IGF1/2	Insulin-like growth factor 1/2
JAK	Janus kinase
MAPK	Mitogen activated protein kinase
MEN2	Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2
MTC	Medullary thyroid cancer/carcinoma
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-B
PARP	Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PSMA2	Proteasome alpha 2 subunit
RAGEs	Receptors of AGEs
SGLT2	Sodium glucose co-transporter 2
STAT	Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription
TRZD	Tirzepatide
WHO	World Health Organization