Fig. 4.
Effects of parental treatment on zebrafish embryo cortisol levels and gene expression. (A) Cortisol levels and (B) 11bhsd2, 20bhsd2 and abcb4 relative gene expression of ∼1 h post-fertilization (hpf) embryos derived from adult zebrafish exposed to the experimental treatments. Gene expression data were normalized and expressed as stated in Fig. 2. Values are means+s.e.m. (cortisol, n=8; 11bhsd2, 20bhsd2 and abcb4, n=5–6). Cortisol levels were compared with a one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Holm–Šidák test (F=3.631, d.f.=3, P=0.025). Statistical differences between gene expression values were determined by a one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Holm–Šidák test (11bhsd2, P<0.001) or a Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks with a post hoc Dunn's test (20bhsd2, P=0.114; abcb4, P=0.001). Values for a given parameter that do not share a common letter are significantly different from one another.