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Pathways of homocysteine metabolism. AHCY, adenosylhomocysteinase; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; BHMT, betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase; CBS, cystathionine b-synthase; CHDH, choline dehydrogenase; CTH, cystathionine γ-lyase; DHF, dihydrofolate; DHFR, dihydrofolate reductase; DMG, dimethylglycine; MS, methionine synthase; NNMT, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase; SAH, S-adenosyl homocysteine; SAM, S-adenosyl methionine; THF, tetrahydrofolate; 5-MTHF, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.
