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. 2022 Oct 27;11(11):1577. doi: 10.3390/biology11111577

Figure 1.

Figure 1

ceAF significantly downregulates tumor cells’ proliferation and growth via disrupting transmembrane potential. (A) Cytotoxicity assay of tumor cell lines BCaP37, RKO, and MCF7 induced by different fractions of ceAF on different time frames using cck8. The cell growth curve is shown on (A), whereas HL7702 is used as a normal cell line for reference for comparison. (B) In vitro trans-well migration assay was performed to validate the migration of cells. Scalebar represents 400 μm. The number of cells migrated/area is shown in (C) panel. Confocal fluorescence images of tumor cell lines with different fractions of ceAF to determine transmembrane potential using rhodamine 123 dye (D). (Scale bar at 50μm.) (Excitation, 559 nm; emission, 575–675 nm.) Relative integrated density and absorbance of fluorescent dye in the cells are shown on the right side (E). Significance was measured using a one-way ANOVA where Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was used to compare control (10% FBS) with other groups. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.