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. 2022 Oct 31;10(11):2764. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10112764

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The quantification of ROS generated in sorafenib-treated hiPSC-CMs. Mitochondria-damage-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can be detected in both sorafenib-treated hiPSC-CMs. The imbalance between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species overexpression and removal leads to oxidative damage affecting cellular components. Since the cardiomyocyte is a highly energetic organ, it is vulnerable to damage caused by oxidative stress. p-values, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared with vehicle.