Table 2.

Chemerin and CVDs: Evidence from animal studies.

Animals (Gender)	Tissues		CV-Associated Disorders/Parameters–Chemerin Correlation	Reference
chemerin knockout Sprague Dawley rat (female)	thoracic aorta		blood pressure modification	[171]
chemerin knockout Sprague Dawley rat (female)	plasma, mesenteric adipocytes		↓ visceral adiposity	[170]
chemerin knockout Sprague Dawley rat (female)	superior mesenteric arteries		↓ vascular tone	[172]
Cell Culture Model	Chemerin Concentrations	Duration of Stimulation	CV-Associated Disorders/Parameters–Chemerin Correlation	Reference
rat vascular smooth muscle cells	1–300 ng/mL	24 h	↑ vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration	[131]
Sprague Dawley rat’s cardiomyocytes	10 and 100 ng/mL	24 h	impaired insulin signalling and induced insulin resistance	[164]
Sprague Dawley rat’s cardiomyocytes	0.1, 1, 10 and 100 nM	6–48 h	cardiomyocytes apoptosis	[167]
mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes	0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ng/mL	48 h	miRNA-217 suppression (correlated with fat accumulation), induced preadipocytes differentiation into adipocytes, ↑ Meg3 lncRNA	[169]
Wistar rat’s cardiac fibroblasts	100 ng/mL	12 h	fibroblast migration, ↑ ROS	[168]

miRNA, micro RNA; Meg3, maternally expressed gene; lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; ROS, reactive oxygen species.